Perbandingan Pelepasan Mikroplastik Ke Udara Pada Miniatur Bangunan Dengan dan Tanpa Material Daur Ulang Sampah Plastik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32382/sulo.v26i1.2337Kata Kunci:
Mikroplastik udara, sampah plastik, daur ulang sampah, material konstruksi, kualitas udaraAbstrak
Pemanfaatan sampah plastik sebagai bahan baku alternatif pada material konstruksi merupakan salah satu strategi pengurangan sampah plastik yang terus dikembangkan. Namun, penggunaan material berbahan dasar sampah plastik berpotensi menjadi sumber pelepasan mikroplastik ke udara yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia melalui jalur inhalasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kuantitas mikroplastik di udara pada bangunan berbahan dasar sampah plastik dibandingkan dengan bangunan kontrol tanpa bahan dasar sampah plastik. Penelitian deskriptif komparatif dilakukan menggunakan 2 model bangunan miniatur yang terdiri atas bangunan kontrol dan bangunan berbahan dasar sampah plastik. Pengambilan sampel mikroplastik udara dilakukan menggunakan penyedot udara selama 60 hari periode pengamatan, dan dianalisis secara mikroskopis untuk menentukan kuantitas mikroplastik berukuran ≥2,5 µm. Data disajikan secara deskriptif berdasarkan nilai minimum, maksimum, rerata, dan standar deviasi. Mikroplastik ditemukan pada sampel udara bangunan bangunan kontrol antara 11-28 partikel/sampel dengan rerata 22,00 ± 3,99 partikel/sampel. Sementara itu, pada kelompok perlakuan berbahan dasar sampah plastik (n=60), kuantitas mikroplastik udara berkisar antara 26-72 partikel/sampel dengan rerata 38,78 ± 9,78 partikel/sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kuantitas mikroplastik pada bangunan berbahan dasar sampah plastik lebih tinggi dibandingkan bangunan kontrol. Kesimpulan: Bangunan berbahan dasar sampah plastik menghasilkan kuantitas mikroplastik udara yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bangunan tanpa bahan dasar sampah plastik. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa material konstruksi berbahan dasar sampah plastik berpotensi menjadi sumber pelepasan mikroplastik ke udara. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik mikroplastik serta mengevaluasi risiko kesehatannya pada kondisi bangunan yang lebih representatif.
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