Pensiun dan Aktivitas Sehari-Hari Lansia: Narrative Review
Retirement and Daily Activities of Older Adults: A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32382/jmk.v16i1.1534Kata Kunci:
lansia, pensiun, aktivitas pasca-pensiun, tinjauan naratifAbstrak
Pendahuluan: Pensiun merupakan fase transisi penting dalam kehidupan yang membawa perubahan signifikan pada aspek sosial, psikologis, dan fisik individu. Masa ini dapat menjadi peluang untuk pertumbuhan pribadi, namun juga berisiko menimbulkan isolasi sosial dan penurunan kesejahteraan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik.
Tujuan: Tinjauan naratif ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan bentuk-bentuk aktivitas yang umum dilakukan oleh lansia setelah pensiun, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keterlibatan mereka, serta mengevaluasi kesenjangan pengetahuan dalam penelitian sebelumnya.
Metode: Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan narrative review dengan pencarian artikel dari basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Scopus selama periode 2015–2024. Artikel yang dianalisis adalah publikasi berbahasa Inggris atau Indonesia yang membahas aktivitas pasca-pensiun pada lansia, dengan eksklusi pada artikel jenis review dan studi klinis yang tidak relevan.
Hasil: Tiga kategori aktivitas utama lansia pasca-pensiun yang teridentifikasi meliputi keterlibatan sosial (formal dan informal), aktivitas rekreasi (mental, fisik, sosial), dan aktivitas produktif (pekerjaan berbayar dan sukarela). Kegiatan tersebut terbukti memberikan manfaat terhadap kesehatan kognitif, kesejahteraan psikologis, serta kualitas hidup lansia.
Kesimpulan: Masa pensiun bukan sekadar akhir dari pekerjaan formal, melainkan awal dari fase kehidupan yang berpotensi bermakna dan aktif. Dukungan terhadap keterlibatan lansia dalam berbagai aktivitas pasca-pensiun menjadi kunci dalam mewujudkan penuaan yang sehat dan produktif. Kajian ini juga menekankan perlunya penelitian yang lebih kontekstual dan inklusif, khususnya di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia.
Referensi
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