Penilaian Risiko Kesehatan Akibat Pajanan Mikroplastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) dalam Air Minum Isi Ulang di Kelurahan Tamangapa, Makassar Menggunakan Metode Environmental Health Risk Assessment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32382/sulo.v25i2.1779Kata Kunci:
Mikroplastik, polietilen tereftalat (PET), air minum isi ulang, penilaian risiko kesehatan lingkungan, tingkat risikoAbstrak
Kontaminasi mikroplastik dalam air minum telah menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis paparan mikroplastik, khususnya polietilen tereftalat (PET), dalam air minum isi ulang menggunakan metode Penilaian Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (Environmental Health Risk Assessment/EHRA). Sebanyak 20 sampel air dikumpulkan dari stasiun pengisian ulang di Kelurahan Tamangapa, Kota Makassar. Analisis mikroskopis mengidentifikasi 104 partikel mikroplastik, sebagian besar berbentuk serat (garis) dengan warna dominan biru (39 butir) dan transparan (27 butir). Spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) mengonfirmasi keberadaan PET sebagai polimer utama, bersama dengan sejumlah kecil polietilen, polipropilena, dan etilen vinil asetat. Konsentrasi mikroplastik bervariasi antara 0,001 mg/kg dan 0,030 mg/kg. Penilaian paparan yang melibatkan 100 responden menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata asupan air adalah 210 ml/kg/hari, dengan frekuensi paparan 350 hari/tahun. Proyeksi asupan non-karsinogenik selama 5–30 tahun menunjukkan peningkatan tingkat paparan, dengan nilai rata-rata berkisar antara 0,0040 hingga 0,0242 mg/kg/hari, melampaui dosis referensi (RfD = 0,0004 mg/kg/hari). Karakterisasi risiko menunjukkan bahwa nilai Risk Quotient (RQ) secara konsisten melebihi 1, berkisar antara 10,07 hingga 60,47, yang menunjukkan risiko kesehatan yang tidak dapat diterima. Berat badan yang lebih rendah dikaitkan dengan kerentanan yang lebih tinggi terhadap toksisitas mikroplastik. Temuan ini menyoroti bahwa konsumsi jangka panjang air minum isi ulang yang terkontaminasi mikroplastik PET menimbulkan risiko kesehatan non-karsinogenik yang signifikan bagi penduduk setempat. Penguatan sistem pemantauan, perbaikan proses pengolahan air, dan perumusan kebijakan kesehatan masyarakat yang terarah sangat diperlukan untuk memitigasi paparan mikroplastik.
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