Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar

The Relationship Between Sleep Hygiene and Sleep Quality in Seventh Semester Preclinical Students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Palangka Raya

Yemima Hasianna, Astri Widiarti, Agnes Immanuela Toemon — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Sleep problems are common among students, especially medical students, due to high academic workload and demanding course requirements. Lack of sleep can have negative effects on physical and mental health, as well as academic performance. Sleep hygiene, which includes practices and habits that support good sleep, can be a non-pharmacological solution to this problem. This study aims to investigate the correlation between sleep hygiene and sleep quality among preclinical seventh-semester medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Palangka Raya. The study employed an analytical observational cross-sectional design with 63 students selected through purposive sampling. Sleep hygiene was assessed using the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), and sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The results showed that 9.5% of students had good sleep hygiene, 46% had moderate sleep hygiene, and 44.4% had poor sleep hygiene. Most students (84.1%) reported poor sleep quality. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between sleep hygiene and sleep quality (r = 0.401, p = 0.001). It was concluded that there is a moderate positive correlation between sleep hygiene and sleep quality among preclinical students in the 7th semester of the Faculty of Medicine at Palangka Raya University.

Keywords: Sleep hygiene; sleep quality; preclinical medical students

Evaluation of the Implementation of Pharmaceutical Service Standards at the Bambu Mamuju Community Health Center in Mamuju Regency Based on Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 26 of 2020

Agust Dwi Djajanti, Rusli, Febriyanti, A. Tenri Ugi, Sainal Edi Kamal — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

In order to improve the quality of health services available to the community, pharmaceutical services at community health centers are an important component in the implementation of health initiatives. Minister of Health Regulation No. 26 of 2020 concerning Standards for Pharmaceutical Services at Community Health Centers, which includes (management of pharmaceutical supplies and disposable medical supplies, clinical pharmacy services, and the facilities or infrastructure required to support pharmaceutical services at community health centers) represents the latest update to the standards for pharmaceutical services at community health centers, which have undergone several revisions to support these objectives. Determining the feasibility of implementing pharmaceutical service standards at the Bambu Mamuju Community Health Center in Mamuju Regency is the objective of this study. Using a checklist and in-depth interviews, this study combines a descriptive approach with an observational strategy. The study was conducted from December 2024 to January 2025. The population in this study was the pharmaceutical services at the Bambu Community Health Center in Mamuju District. The informants used in this study were the pharmacists in charge of the pharmacy at the Bambu Community Health Center. Based on the results of the study, the Bambu Mamuju Community Health Center in Mamuju Regency has implemented pharmaceutical services in accordance with the Bambu Mamuju Community Health Center standards with an average score of 84.2% in the good category, in accordance with Minister of Health Regulation No. 26 of 2020. Clinical pharmacy services at the health center still need improvement, but the management of pharmaceutical supplies, single-use medical devices, facilities, and infrastructure is in line with the technical guidelines for pharmacy service standards.

Keywords: Pharmacy Service Evaluation, Health Center, Ministry of Health Regulation No. 26 of 2020, Checklist Sheet

The Effectiveness of Zinc and Synbiotic Supplementation in Supporting Elderly Health: A Systematic Review

Rudy Hartono, Rusli, Aswita Amir, Agustian Ipa, Mira Andini, Hikmawati Mas’ud — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

As the elderly population grows, life expectancy increases. This poses significant challenges to their health, particularly in maintaining immune and digestive function. Zinc and synbiotics (a combination of probiotics and prebiotics) are two promising nutritional interventions for supporting the health of the elderly. This article reviews the effects of zinc and synbiotics, as well as their combination, on elderly health, with a primary focus on immune response, sarcopenia, and fatigue. Based on a systematic review of literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, 600 articles were narrowed down to 10 selected articles (2017–2024) specifically involving randomized controlled trials, using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the PRISMA algorithm. The findings indicate that zinc supplementation has the potential to enhance the immune system and reduce inflammation, contributing to improved quality of life for the elderly. Meanwhile, synbiotics have been proven effective in improving gut health, addressing microbiota dysbiosis commonly found in the elderly, and enhancing gut microbiota balance that supports immune function. Zinc helps improve immune function and brain function, while synbiotics improve digestive health and reduce inflammation. When combined, both provide stronger and complementary effects in maintaining overall health in the elderly. Further research with stronger designs is needed to validate the benefits of both, and clinical recommendations for nutritional interventions in the elderly can be expanded based on these findings.

Keywords: zinc, synbiotics, elderly, immune response

Decision-Making Behavior Regarding Maternal and Child Health in the Nyentana Marriage Tradition: A Case Study in Gadungan Village, Tabanan, Bali

Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The nyentana marriage tradition has implications for various aspects of family life, including decision-making regarding family health. Traditional customs and norms can influence how individuals make decisions related to health. This study aims to explore the factors that influence decision-making behavior regarding maternal and child health within the nyentana marriage tradition in Gadungan Village, Tabanan, Bali. This study uses a qualitative design with a case study approach. The participants in this study are families who have been practicing the Nyentana marriage tradition for at least one year, totaling 10 individuals, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through interviews using a semi-structured guide, spanning a duration of one month. Data analysis was conducted thematically, with data validation through triangulation and member checking. Key informants in this study were village midwives and community leaders. The factors influencing decision-making regarding maternal and child health within the nyentana marriage tradition in Gadungan Village, Tabanan, Bali, are: 1) Cultural norms and traditions; 2) Knowledge and access to health information; 3) Family economy; Family support; and 5) Environment Decision-making regarding maternal and child health in the nyentana marriage tradition is greatly influenced by the active role of women. Factors related to decision-making regarding maternal and child health include cultural norms and traditions, knowledge and access to health information, family economy, family support, and social environment. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of maternal and child health programs that are responsive to local traditions and cultures.

Keywords: Decision-making; health; Nyentana tradition

Combination of Local Island Coagulation-Filtration in Reducing Turbidity Levels in Dug Wells on Barrang Caddi Island, Makassar City

Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Small islands often face challenges in providing clean water, including the poor quality of dug wells on Barrang Caddi Island. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of coagulation using moringa seeds and filtration using pumice and mangrove charcoal in reducing turbidity and improving water quality. The study design is a quasi-experimental study using a one-group pretest-posttest approach. Samples were purposively selected from one dug well with the highest TDS value that is actively used. The treatment was conducted in three replicates to ensure consistency and reliability of the results. The coagulation process used Moringa oleifera at a dose of 350 mg/l, while filtration used pumice and activated charcoal media with a thickness of 60 cm. Effectiveness was calculated based on the difference in turbidity levels before and after treatment and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc analysis. The results showed significant differences in all methods applied (p = 0.016). Moringa seed coagulation reduced turbidity by 26.85%, pumice filtration by 68.72%, activated carbon filtration by 79.96%, and the coagulation-filtration combination by 74.80%. Activated carbon filtration demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity. This study concluded that the combination of coagulation and filtration is a practical and applicable solution for addressing clean water issues in coastal and island regions.

Keywords: Coagulation; Filtration; Moringa Seeds; Pumice; Activated Charcoal from Mangrove Wood

The Effectiveness of Combining Audiovisual-Based Prenatal Yoga and Lavender Balm to Treat Low Back Pain in Pregnant Women in Their Third Trimester

Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The most common complaint experienced during the third trimester of pregnancy is low back pain (LBP). Low back pain during pregnancy is described as pain in the lumbar region, above the sacrum, and this pain can radiate to the legs. The pain is often dull in nature and worsened by flexion of the lumbar spine toward the anterior. Efforts that can be made to minimize LBP complaints in pregnant women in the third trimester include relaxation techniques and breathing exercises, hydrotherapy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), massage, behavioral techniques, hypnotherapy, therapeutic touch, yoga, and the application of balm. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a combination of audiovisual-based prenatal yoga and lavender balm in reducing LBP in pregnant women in the third trimester. The study design was analytical with a two-group design including a control group, with a sample size of 60 participants. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. The results showed that the mean LBP value before intervention in the treatment group was 6.25 and the mean LBP value in the control group was 6.01 with a p-value of 0.345. The mean LBP value after intervention in the treatment group was 3.45 and the mean LBP value in the control group was 7.65 with a p-value of 0.00. Based on bivariate data analysis, the p-value was 0.000. The combination of prenatal yoga based on audio-visual materials and lavender balm was effective in reducing LBP in pregnant women in the third trimester. Recommendations include the regular practice of prenatal yoga for pregnant women and the use of balm to reduce LBP complaints in pregnant women.

Keywords: Prenatal yoga; lavender balm; lower back pain; pregnant women

The Effectiveness of Storytelling Therapy in Reducing Anxiety in Preschool Children During Hospitalization at Sumber Hidup Hospital in Ambon

Vernando Yanry Lameky, Nenny Parinussa — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Background: Hospitalization can trigger significant anxiety in preschool children due to their cognitive and emotional limitations in understanding medical procedures. Storytelling therapy is a potential non-pharmacological approach to alleviating anxiety, especially in regions such as Maluku, which have limited resources and a unique cultural context. Method: This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 38 children aged 3–5 years hospitalized at Sumber Hidup Hospital in Ambon were selected through total sampling. The intervention, which involved storytelling therapy, was conducted over five consecutive days within two weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, resulting in a total intervention duration of around 2.5 hours per child. The instrument used was the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) preschool version. Data analysis was performed using a paired t-test. Results: The average anxiety score decreased from 3.08 to 2.37 (∆ = 0.71), with statistical test results showing a p-value of 0.001 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.525–0.896, indicating a statistically significant decrease. Most children moved from the moderate/severe anxiety category to the mild category after the intervention. Conclusion: Storytelling therapy was proven effective in reducing anxiety in preschool children during hospitalization and is worthy of integration into pediatric nursing practice in island regions such as Maluku. However, the limitation of the design without a control group should be noted in interpreting the results. These findings have practical implications that culturally-based narrative interventions can serve as a simple, cost-effective, and contextually appropriate strategy in pediatric nursing care.

Keywords: Play Therapy; Storytelling; Child Anxiety; Hospitalization; Maluku

The Relationship Between Washing and Storage Methods and the Number of Germs on Tableware at Ayam Geprek Food Stalls in East Pontianak

Abdul Syukur, Fitriani, Yulia — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Unhygienic tableware has the potential to become a medium for the transmission of foodborne diseases, especially due to bacterial contamination. According to Ministry of Health Regulation No. 14 of 2021, the bacterial count on dining utensils must not exceed 1.1 CFU/cm². This study aims to analyze the relationship between washing and storage methods of dining utensils and bacterial counts at food handling facilities (FHFs) in the working area of the Saigon Public Health Center (PHC), Pontianak Timur District. The study was conducted as an observational cross-sectional study involving 30 FHP selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through observation using a checklist and bacterial counts were measured using bacteriological testing with the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test at a 95% significance level. The results showed that 53% of respondents had good washing practices, while 47% had poor practices; similarly, 50% of respondents had good storage practices, and 50% had poor practices. Bacterial counts on dining utensils were high in 50% of samples and low in 50%. Statistical tests showed no association between washing practices and bacterial counts (p = 0.066), but there was a significant association between storage practices and bacterial counts (p = 0.027). These findings indicate that improper storage practices of dining utensils can increase the risk of microbiological contamination. It is recommended that TPP managers improve the hygiene of dining utensils, and that health departments strengthen routine supervision and education to prevent foodborne illnesses. These findings highlight the importance of systematic interventions in the form of technical training and regular guidance for food managers on standard procedures for hygienic storage of dining utensils. This includes proper arrangement of utensils (e.g., plates upside down), use of closed rust-proof racks, and maintenance of drawers and storage areas to prevent them from becoming breeding grounds for cockroaches, rats, or other disease vectors. Additionally, health departments should strengthen regular monitoring and develop risk-based education programs tailored to on-site resource capacities. With the implementation of these measures, it is hoped that the incidence of foodborne illnesses can be significantly reduced, alongside increased awareness and compliance with hygiene and sanitation principles in food management environments.

Keywords: Bacterial Count, Dining Utensils, Washing Methods, Storage Methods.

Risk Factors for Mortality in Sepsis Patients in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review

Anugerah Hardianti, Ahsan, Heri Kristianto — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Sepsis is a medical emergency with a high mortality rate worldwide. Identifying risk factors for sepsis is crucial to optimizing outcomes for sepsis patients in the emergency department (ED). This systematic review aims to identify risk factors for mortality in sepsis patients in the ED. Literature search strategies were conducted using the PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect databases with a combination of keywords including “Risk factor,” “Sepsis,” “Mortality,” and “Emergency Department,” utilizing Boolean operators. This review follows the PRISMA protocol and includes English-language articles published between 2019 and 2024. Inclusion criteria include quantitative research articles (cohort studies, case-control studies, or cross-sectional studies), studies evaluating mortality risk factors in sepsis patients in the ED, and a minimum sample size of 50 patients. Exclusion criteria included qualitative studies, systematic reviews, narrative reviews, meta-analyses, articles without complete data, settings outside the ED, and studies that did not analyze mortality risk factors. Of the 23,917 articles identified, nine met the criteria and were assessed for eligibility using the JBI and analyzed narratively. The review of nine studies (seven cohort studies, one case-control study, and one cross-sectional study) found that most studies indicated that lactate levels ≥2 mmol/L (67%) and SOFA scores ≥2 (56%) were strong predictors of mortality. Other contributing factors included advanced age, gender, and comorbidities. These findings suggest that measuring lactate and SOFA biomarkers during triage in the ED has the potential to improve early detection and prompt intervention, such as fluid resuscitation and antibiotic administration within the golden hour, for high-risk sepsis patients.

Keywords: Risk factors; Emergency Department; Mortality; Sepsis

Habitat of Mansonia Spp. Larvae in Henda Village, Pulang Pisau District, as a Vector of Filariasis in Kalimantan

Aqilah Az Zahra, Arini Ratnasari, Arif Rahman Jabal, Indria Augustina — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The number of filariasis cases in Central Kalimantan increased in 2021, with 49 cases of chronic filariasis reported. Filariasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by infection with three species of microfilariae parasites, namely Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti, transmitted by mosquitoes from five genera: Anopheles, Mansonia, Culex, Aedes, and Amigeres. The transmission of filariasis is influenced by several factors, including the presence of microfilaria-positive individuals, vector density, community behavior, and ecological factors that affect vector density. Regional characteristics also play a role as supporting factors for the reproduction of Mansonia spp. as filariasis vectors. This study aims to determine the distribution of Mansonia spp. larvae habitats and identify Mansonia spp. larvae species in Henda Village, Pulang Pisau District. The study employs a descriptive method with cross-sectional sampling techniques to identify Mansonia spp. larvae in Henda Village, Pulang Pisau District. The criteria for sampling Mansonia spp. larvae that can be reached for collection and sample size estimation in this study are all Mansonia spp. larvae found during the study based on the coordinates determined in Henda Village, Pulang Pisau District. The results of this study indicate that the habitat of Mansonia spp. larvae was found in fish ponds characterized by abundant aquatic vegetation. The number of larvae found was 35, distributed across two locations: location a = 33 larvae and location b = 2 larvae. The habitat of Mansonia spp. larvae can be found in fish ponds characterized by the presence of aquatic plants. The presence of Mansonia spp. larvae requires attention in terms of vector control efforts, particularly regarding the transmission of filariasis in Central Kalimantan.

Keywords: Habitat; identification; larvae; Mansonia spp.; Henda Village

Predisposing Factors, Subgroup Classification, Biomarkers, and Mechanisms for Preventing Obesity: A Literature Review

Mira Andini, Budirman, Besse Uswatun Hasanah — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Obesity has emerged as a critical global public health challenge, driven by multifactorial predisposing elements such as sociodemographics, behavior, genetics, and obesogenic environmental factors. This systematic literature review synthesizes evidence on obesity subgroups (e.g., metabolically healthy obesity [MHO], metabolically unhealthy obesity [MUO]), biomarkers (microRNA, adipokines, oxidative stress markers, gut microbiota, and lipid accumulation product index), and prevention strategies. A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (2010–2023) identified peer-reviewed studies addressing the etiology, classification, and interventions for obesity. Key findings highlight the interaction between early-life nutritional deficiencies and subsequent metabolic dysregulation, the role of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in refining the obesity phenotype, and the diagnostic potential of biomarkers such as miR-222 and leptin. Prevention strategies, including school-based nutrition education, taxes on ultra-processed foods, and bariatric surgery for severe cases, demonstrate varying efficacy across populations. This review emphasizes the need for a multidimensional approach tailored to regional contexts, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the dual burden of malnutrition persists. By integrating evidence of genetic-environmental interactions and new biomarkers, this research provides actionable insights for policymakers and health practitioners to reduce the growing burden of obesity.

Keywords: predisposing factors, subgroup classification, biomarkers, prevention mechanisms, obesity

Pesticide Exposure through Breast Milk: Implications for Infant Health and the Risk of Stunting

Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The widespread use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in modern agriculture has significantly increased crop yields. However, growing concerns about the potential health implications of these agricultural chemicals have prompted extensive research. This systematic review aims to investigate the extent to which exposure to these substances during pregnancy and breastfeeding can contaminate breast milk. We aim to assess the potential adverse effects of pesticide and fertilizer exposure in breast milk on infant health and development, focusing on contaminant prevalence, potential health risks, and the effectiveness of interventions to reduce exposure. This systematic review was conducted using the online databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2017 to 2024. Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and target keywords such as “Pesticides,” “Chemical Fertilizers,” “Breast Milk,” “Contamination,” “Maternal Health,” “Infant Health,” and “Stunting” were used in the search. All English-language publications were reviewed and included. This review included intervention studies such as randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies. The search yielded 130 studies, and after screening, 10 studies were included in this review. The studies consistently showed pesticide exposure in breast milk, particularly in areas of intensive agriculture. A study in Latin America found that 100% of breast milk samples contained residues of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Research in Mexico reported that 76% of breast milk samples contained pesticide derivatives. A study in Saudi Arabia detected 16 types of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). In Indonesia, all breast milk samples from female farmers contained p,p'-DDE residues above 0.001 mg/kg. All articles included in this review are observational studies, specifically cross-sectional and case-control studies, investigating the presence of pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in breast milk. Various studies consistently show pesticide contamination in breast milk, raising serious concerns about its impact on infant health from an early age. Pesticide exposure through breast milk can have negative effects on growth and development, particularly on the nervous, endocrine, and reproductive systems. In Indonesia, pesticide exposure in agricultural environments has been identified as a significant risk factor for stunting in children.

Keywords: Chemical Fertilizers; Pesticides; Breast Milk; Stunting

The Effectiveness of Implementing the Family-Centered Care Method on Family Satisfaction in Children Undergoing Hospitalization

Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Nursing care in the pediatric ward is measured based on parental satisfaction. Parental satisfaction is achieved when the child's needs for nursing care are met during hospitalization. If performance falls below expectations, customers will be dissatisfied, but if performance exceeds expectations, customers will feel satisfied or happy. To improve quality, one approach is to measure patient and family satisfaction with the implementation of Family-Centered Care in the hospital. Prioritizing patient and family satisfaction is a hallmark of high-quality healthcare services. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of Family-Centered Care on family satisfaction for children hospitalized at RSU Andi Makkasau Parepare. This survey is a quantitative study using an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling. The population of respondents was 60 respondents. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula with a sample of 53 respondents. The instruments used were the Family-Centered Care questionnaire and the family satisfaction questionnaire using a Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square Correlation statistical test and analyzed using statistical analysis. The results of the study found that there was an effect of the implementation of Family-Centered Care on family satisfaction in children hospitalized at RSU Andi Makkasau Parepare, with a significance level of p-value = 0.000 < 0.05. The conclusion of the study is that there is a significant effect between Family-Centered Care and the level of family satisfaction in children hospitalized at RSU Andi Makkasau Parepare. Therefore, it is hoped that nurses can maintain the implementation of Family-Centered Care to improve service and satisfaction through nursing care.

Keywords: Children, Hospitalization, Family-Centered Care, Family Satisfaction

Identification and Distribution of Bed Bugs (Cimex sp.) in Several Islamic Boarding Schools in Palangka Raya City

Elza Widya Putri, Astri Widiarty, Arif Rahman Jabal — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Bed bugs (Cimex sp.) are insects that can cause dermatitis, allergic reactions, and potential anemia through their bites, with their spread closely related to environmental hygiene and bedding conditions. This study aims to determine the presence and identify the types of bed bugs (Cimex sp.) found in Islamic boarding schools in Palangka Raya City. This quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in January 2024 at several boarding schools in Palangka Raya City to determine the presence and types of bed bugs (Cimex sp.) in students' bedrooms. The study samples included mattresses, pillows, blankets, carpets, and sofas in students' rooms with damp conditions and insufficient sunlight, using purposive sampling techniques. The equipment used included non-sterile gloves, flashlights, masks, head coverings, small bottles (100 cc urine pots), and label paper for visual inspection and sampling of Cimex sp. The results of the study in six Islamic boarding schools in Palangka Raya City showed the presence of bed bugs (Cimex sp.) on mattresses, pillows, dolls, and wooden cabinets, with macroscopic characteristics of black spots, particularly in the Nurul Solihin and Hidayatul Insan Islamic boarding schools, with a percentage of 33.3%. Nurul Solihin Islamic Boarding School had the highest number of Cimex sp., with 71 eggs, 32 nymphs, and 36 adult bed bugs. This finding indicates that the sleeping environment of students in some boarding schools has the potential to support the development of bed bugs. The study identified Cimex lectularis at the Nurul Solihin and Hidayatul Insan Islamic boarding schools, with life cycle stages found including eggs, nymphs, and adult bed bugs, and their habitats distributed across both boarding schools. These findings highlight the need for enhanced efforts to control bed bugs in boarding school environments.

Keywords: Bed Bugs; Islamic Boarding Schools; Environmental Cleanliness

Social Protection Coverage and Food Security Key to Addressing Stunting: A Descriptive Analysis in Jeneponto and Barru, South Sulawesi

Dien Abdul Munir, Sumardiyono, Nur Hafidha Hikmayani — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Background: Food security and social protection are two variables that contribute to the prevalence of stunting and are critical points in efforts to prevent stunting. Programs related to food security and social protection as efforts to prevent stunting have been implemented in all districts/cities in Indonesia, including Jeneponto District and Barru District, but comprehensive information on these programs has not yet been reviewed. Objective: This study aims to describe how stunting prevention opportunities through social assistance programs for food-insecure families in Jeneponto District and Barru District can be achieved, with a focus on the effectiveness of these programs in reducing stunting. Method: The study design is descriptive and presents bivariate analysis using data on children aged 0–23 months from the 2022 Indonesian Nutrition Status Study in Jeneponto District and Barru District. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 and presents data percentages and categorical variables. Results: The percentage of children aged 0-23 months with stunting in Jeneponto District was 25.84% and in Barru District was 47.57%. The percentage of children with normal nutritional status was higher than those with stunting in families receiving social assistance. Conclusion: The prevalence of stunting in Jeneponto and Barru remains high. The findings indicate that targeted social assistance positively contributes to food security and stunting prevention. Most families have good dietary consumption patterns. To reduce stunting, it is necessary to integrate social assistance with food security interventions and basic health services, particularly for poor and food-insecure families with children aged 0-23 months.

Keywords: Food Security, Social Protection, Stunting

Analysis of the Antioxidant Activity of Plant-Based Nanoemulsions in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Applications: A Literature Review

Nur Aisyah, Sriwidodo, Patihul Husni, Santi Sinala — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Plant-based nanoemulsions are increasingly attracting attention in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications due to their ability to enhance the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of natural active compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenols, which possess antioxidant activity. However, the challenge lies in optimizing the nanoemulsion formulation to enhance the efficacy of these compounds. This study aims to explore the potential of plant-based nanoemulsions in enhancing the effectiveness of antioxidant compounds and to provide recommendations for developing more stable and efficient nanoemulsion formulations for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. A literature review was conducted by analyzing relevant scientific articles on the use of plant-based nanoemulsions in enhancing antioxidant activity. This study includes various studies that describe the methods of preparation, physicochemical characteristics, and applications of nanoemulsions in the biomedical and cosmetic fields. Plant-based nanoemulsions, such as those using Cordyceps mushroom extract and Mucuna seeds, exhibit stronger antioxidant activity and good stability. Formulations with small particle sizes and uniform particle distribution exhibit higher bioavailability and efficacy, making them promising for application in medical therapy and skin care. Plant-based nanoemulsions offer significant potential for enhancing the efficacy of antioxidant compounds in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Further development is needed through laboratory and clinical testing to ensure the efficacy and stability of nanoemulsion formulations in real-world applications.

Keywords: nanoemulsion, medicinal plants, bioavailability, drug delivery system

Application of Microencapsulation Technology in Improving the Stability and Effectiveness of Active Ingredients in Cosmetic Products: A Literature Review

Feggy Yustika Sitinjak, Arif Budiman, Diah Lia Aulifa, Santi Sinala — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The cosmetics industry is growing rapidly in line with increasing public awareness of the importance of skin care and optimal appearance. Cosmetic products not only serve an aesthetic purpose but also protect the skin from external factors such as UV rays, aging, and pollution. Although many studies have discussed the advantages of microencapsulation, few have analyzed its application in finished cosmetic products. Therefore, this study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the application of microencapsulation in enhancing the stability and efficacy of active ingredients in cosmetic products. This review employs a literature review method based on nine selected scientific articles from national and international journals. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords related to microencapsulation in cosmetic products. The results of the study indicate that microencapsulation can enhance the stability of active ingredients, protect them from degradation caused by environmental factors, and enable controlled release of active ingredients. Cosmetic products such as sunscreen gel, face cream, and blush have been successfully developed using microencapsulation technology. Additionally, microencapsulation improves user comfort by reducing unwanted odors or colors and minimizing the risk of skin irritation. This review also identifies technical limitations in microencapsulation methods and provides recommendations for further research to improve the application of this technology in the cosmetics industry for greater efficiency and sustainability. In conclusion, microencapsulation is an effective solution for enhancing stability, efficacy of active ingredients, and user experience quality in cosmetics.

Keywords: Cosmetic applications, efficacy, microencapsulated cosmetics, microencapsulation methods, stability

Risk Factors for Pregnancy Readiness, Nutritional Behavior, and Preventive Behavior as Predictors of Pregnancy Hypertension

Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Hypertension in pregnancy is a condition of high blood pressure that occurs during pregnancy or is caused by pregnancy itself, and generally occurs after 20 weeks of gestation. This condition is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, with a prevalence of around 5–15%. The mother's readiness for pregnancy, nutritional behavior, and preventive behavior are considered very important in helping to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates, one of which is by maintaining a pregnancy without hypertension. This study aims to analyze pregnancy readiness, nutritional behavior, and preventive behavior in relation to the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension. The research method used an observational analytical approach with a cross-sectional study design. The sample consisted of 71 pregnant women selected through accidental sampling. The research instruments used questionnaires and a sphygmomanometer, and the collected data were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. The results showed that pregnancy readiness was associated with the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, with a p-value of 0.039 and a correlation coefficient of -0.246, while nutritional behavior and the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension showed a p-value of 0.010 and a correlation coefficient of -0.306, and preventive behavior and the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension showed a p-value of 0.046 and a correlation coefficient of -0.238. The conclusion of this study is that there is an influence of pregnancy readiness on the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, there is an influence of nutritional behavior on the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and there is an influence of preventive behavior on the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Keywords: Hypertension; Pregnancy; Nutrition; Prevention; Behavior.

The Effectiveness of Continuum of Care on Mothers' Ability to Care for Infants in Makassar City

Siti Mukarramah, Afriani, Amanda Damayanti, Marhaeni, Wirawati Amin — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Every child has the right to live, grow, develop, and be protected. To that end, comprehensive, integrated, and sustainable child health efforts must be carried out from the fetal stage to the age of 18 to ensure the survival and quality of life of children through a reduction in mortality rates, improved nutrition, and the fulfillment of minimum service standards for infants. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the implementation of Continuum of Care (COC) and mothers' ability to care for infants, focusing on health aspects and caregiving skills, to improve infant care quality and reduce complications. The method used is quantitative with an observational analytical approach and a case-control design. The study sample consisted of 76 mothers, with 38 mothers receiving COC services and 38 mothers not receiving such services. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and Odds Ratio (OR) calculations. The results showed that mothers who received COC services had better infant care skills compared to those who did not. Among the 38 mothers who received COC, 89.4% were able to care for their infants well, while only 34.2% of mothers who did not receive COC were able to care for their infants. The p-value of 0.000 indicates that this difference is statistically significant. The Odds Ratio shows that mothers who did not receive COC services were 16 times more likely to be unable to care for their infants compared to those who received COC (OR = 16.346). This study concludes that the implementation of the COC program significantly improves mothers' ability to care for their babies WITH A p-VALUE OF 0.000. Therefore, it is recommended that the COC program be widely implemented to improve the quality of infant care and the health of mothers and children.

Keywords: Continuum of Care; Maternal Ability; Infant Care; Maternal Health; Child Health

Factors Affecting Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues: A Systematic Literature Review

Nurul Fatimah Susanti, Hasrita Octaliana, Endah Purda Listya — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Adolescents are individuals aged 10–18 years. Adolescents who have sufficient knowledge about sexual and reproductive health issues can make wise decisions and avoid risky behavior. Parents are the closest people to provide information, guide, and encourage adolescents in their attitudes toward reproductive health. Parent-adolescent communication plays an important role in reducing risky sexual behavior and preventing various sexual and reproductive health problems. The purpose of this study is to update and provide a comprehensive overview of the factors that influence parent-adolescent communication about reproductive health issues. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Article selection methods used PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and were reviewed using the PICO framework (Participants, Interventions, Comparisons, and Outcomes). Keyword searches used a combination of keywords with Boolean operators (AND). Out of 1,133 articles found, 306 were selected for the study objectives and abstracts. Subsequently, selection was conducted according to inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were articles published between 2020 and 2025, quantitative research design, written in English, and all articles were free and accessible. Analysis of the 6 articles revealed that factors influencing parental communication with adolescents about sexual and reproductive health include parental education (3 articles), parental knowledge (3 articles), adolescents' attitudes toward sexual and reproductive health issues, and adolescents' awareness of accessing information about sexual and reproductive health (3 articles). The results of this study indicate the need for integrated reproductive health education that targets not only adolescents but also parents through various strategies, such as regular counseling conducted by relevant health care facilities. This educational program should be designed to enhance parents' knowledge, communication skills, and confidence in discussing sexual and reproductive issues openly and age-appropriately.

Keywords: Communication; Parents; Adolescents; Sexual and reproductive health

Remote Patient Monitoring in Cancer Patients: Concept Analysis

Ashar Prima, Dewi Gayatri, Yati Afiyanti, Christantie Effendy — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Background. Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) has emerged as an innovative approach in healthcare, particularly for monitoring patients with chronic conditions such as cancer. Variations in approaches in research and clinical practice can lead to differences in interpretation among healthcare professionals and researchers. Research Objectives. This study aims to explore the concept of remote patient monitoring. Method. Concept analysis was conducted following the eight-step approach by Walker and Avant: selecting the concept, determining the purpose of the analysis, identifying all uses of the concept, determining defining attributes, identifying model cases, identifying borderline and contradictory cases, identifying antecedents (preceding factors) and consequences, and defining empirical referents. A literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, and ProQuest databases to identify articles published between 2018 and 2024. Results. The analysis identified five main attributes of RPM: continuous monitoring, technology integration, multidisciplinary collaboration, service accessibility, and patient-centered care. These attributes are theoretically associated with positive consequences such as early detection of complications, improved health outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and patient empowerment and quality of life. Preceding factors include the availability of digital technology and infrastructure, the healthcare needs of cancer patients, challenges in accessing healthcare services, and patients' digital literacy and readiness. Conclusion. This study contributes theoretically by providing a conceptual model of RPM that can serve as a foundation for developing digital nursing practices and RPM implementation policies in oncology services. Standardizing the definition and conceptual modeling of RPM is crucial to ensuring consistent and effective integration within cancer patient care systems, where nurses play a central role in data interpretation and interprofessional coordination.

Keywords: Remote Patient Monitoring; Cancer Patients

Utilization of Eco-enzyme as an Innovation in Microbiological Control of Indoor Air

Zaenab, Nurfitriani Azizah — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Air in rooms contaminated by microorganisms such as bacteria can cause health problems, especially respiratory tract infections. The use of eco-enzymes as a natural disinfectant is an environmentally friendly alternative to control airborne bacteria. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of eco-enzyme at concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25% in reducing airborne bacteria levels in indoor spaces. The research method used a Quasi-Experimental design with a Pre-Post Test Control Group. Samples were collected from three classrooms at SMA Negeri 12 Makassar using random sampling. The eco-enzyme concentrations tested were 15%, 20%, and 25%, with a contact time of 1 hour. Data were analyzed using a One-Way ANOVA test. The results showed a significant reduction in airborne bacteria levels at all concentrations: 15% reduced by 14%, 20% by 24%, and 25% by 76%. Meanwhile, the control group experienced an increase in bacterial counts by 27%. Statistical analysis showed significant differences, with the 25% concentration being the most optimal (p-value 0.0001 < 0.05). Eco-enzyme at a concentration of 25% was proven effective in reducing airborne bacteria and has potential as an environmentally friendly natural disinfectant.

This study has limitations, such as the use of a simple application method (manual sprayer) and a limited number of samples, so further research is recommended using the dry mist method and a broader sample scope.

Keywords: Eco-enzyme; Natural Disinfectant; Air Bacterial Count; Indoor Air

Review of NS1 and IgG/IgM Dengue Immunochromatography Test Results on Total Platelet Count and Platelet Index in Patients with Dengue Fever

Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Dengue fever carries a risk of developing dengue shock syndrome, which can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly. In addition to taking a medical history and performing a physical examination, laboratory tests are required. Laboratory tests that can be conducted include dengue NS1 testing, dengue IgG and IgM testing, and platelet count and platelet index measurements. This study aims to determine the correlation between NS1 and dengue IgG IgM test results and total platelet count and platelet indices (MPV, PDW, P-LCR, and PCT) in patients with dengue fever. This study is a correlational study using a cross-sectional analytical approach, employing purposive sampling techniques, and obtained 40 samples that met the study criteria. The study was conducted at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Hasanuddin University Hospital in Makassar from December 1, 2024, to February 28, 2025. The results of the study showed that there was a significant correlation between dengue IgG test results and total platelet count (p=0.032, p<0.05) and PDW (p=0.031, p<0.05), while there was no significant correlation with PCT test results (p=0.788, p>0.05). For dengue IgM and NS1 dengue test results, no significant correlation was found with total platelet count (p=0.565, p=0.624, p>0.05), PDW (p=0.728, p=0.188, p>0.05), and PCT (p=0.841, p=0.454 (p > 0.05). The results of MPV and P-LCR tests showed consistent results, so no statistical analysis was performed. It was concluded that total platelet count and platelet index PDW could serve as potential laboratory biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of dengue-infected patients based on dengue IgG test results.

Keywords: Dengue Fever; Dengue IgG IgM; Platelet Index; Platelet Count; Dengue NS1

Potential of Jackfruit Seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus) as an Alternative Growth Medium for Aspergillus sp.

Zulfian Armah, Rezi Anggreani, Herdiana, Muhammad Nasir, Rahman — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Jackfruit seeds are one of the organic wastes that have not been optimally utilized, even though they have high nutritional content, especially carbohydrates. This composition makes jackfruit seeds a potential alternative medium for supporting fungal growth. The alternative medium made from jackfruit seeds is produced by processing the seed extract into a natural growing medium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Aspergillus sp fungi on an alternative medium made from jackfruit seed extract. The study was conducted using observational and experimental methods in a laboratory, comparing the growth of Aspergillus sp colonies at three media concentrations: 20%, 40%, and 60%. The research was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar in April 2024. Jackfruit seed extract was used as the main medium for fungal growth. The results showed that the average colony diameter of Aspergillus flavus over five consecutive days on jackfruit seed extract medium at a concentration of 20% was 33.7 mm, 40% was 33.9 mm, and 60% was 41.7 mm. A concentration of 60% was found to be the most effective medium for fungal growth. Further research is recommended to explore other concentrations, use jackfruit seed decoction, and eliminate the addition of dextrose in the medium composition.

Keywords: Aspergillus sp, jackfruit seeds, alternative medium

Protein and Iron Content of Churros with Substitution of Moringa Leaf Flour and Fresh Anchovy Flour

Adriyani Adam, A. Tia Mutiara Ihsan, Retno Sri Lestari, Fatmawati Suaib — Wed, 25 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Teenage girls are a group that is vulnerable to anemia due to low iron intake in their daily diet. According to data from the Health Department of Makassar City, the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls reached 3.98% of the total 4,788 individuals. To date, anemia prevention efforts have primarily focused on iron supplements. However, this approach often faces challenges such as low compliance rates with supplement intake, gastrointestinal side effects, and a lack of practical nutrition education. Therefore, an innovative and sustainable strategy is needed through a functional food approach based on local resources. One potential alternative snack food is churros, a light snack that can be enriched with moringa leaf flour and anchovy flour as natural sources of protein and iron. This study aims to analyze the protein and iron content in churros products formulated with moringa leaf flour and anchovy flour substitutes. This study used a pre-experimental design with a post-test only design. The study was conducted at the Makassar Health Laboratory Center. Protein content was tested using the Micro Kjeldahl method, and iron content was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the protein content in churros was 0.4186 grams per 4 grams of sample, equivalent to 10.465 grams per 100 grams. The iron content reached 0.1704 mg per 4 grams or 4.26 mg per 100 grams of product. It is recommended that further research focus on optimizing the processing to maintain protein quality and analyzing other nutrient contents as part of the development of local functional food-based churros products.

Keywords: Churros, protein, iron

The Relationship Between Marketing Mix and Outpatient Loyalty at a Type II Hospital in Pelamonia, Makassar

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The marketing mix is a key strength of hospitals, closely linked to patient behavior in utilizing services. Product mismatch with patient perceptions is a common problem in the marketing mix. Patients sometimes do not know the cost, which can be burdensome for them. Promotion does not reach the right target segment. Place refers to the location, where there are often long queues at the outpatient clinic. People rely on specific individuals or doctors for care. Process involves inefficient service delivery workflows, and physical facilities are insufficient and not fully optimized. Similarly, in Pelamonia Hospital, the marketing mix is now structured as the 10P or mega marketing mix. This theory by Dr. Samsi Jacobalis led to the decision to expand the marketing mix from 4P to 10P, which includes People, Public, Power, Pressure, and Performance. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the marketing mix and patient loyalty at Pelamonia Hospital TK II 14.05.01 in Makassar. The research was conducted quantitatively using a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 8,134 patients, with 269 samples. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. The study was conducted in April 2025 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The results and conclusions indicate a significant relationship between the product dimension (p=0.0027), promotion (p=0.002), physical evidence (p=0.027), process (p=0.000), performance (p=0.007), public relations (p=0.026), and power (p=0.000) with patient loyalty at the outpatient department of TK II 14.05.01 Pelamonia Hospital in Makassar. There is no relationship between the dimensions of price (p=0.180), place (p=0.664), and people (p=0.713) and the loyalty of outpatients at Pelamonia Makassar General Hospital TK II 14.05.01. It is recommended that the hospital maximize its marketing mix activities to provide good service to patients and make them feel comfortable in receiving services and examinations at the hospital.

Keywords: Loyalty, Marketing mix, Hospital, Outpatient

Characteristics of Female Students with Anemia in Adolescent Girls in Makassar City

Ruqaiyah, Ayatullah Harun, Fatmawati Amir, Ali Imran — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Anemia is a global health issue that is commonly found among adolescent girls, especially in developing countries. Anemia occurs when hemoglobin levels in the blood are below normal, thereby disrupting oxygen transport to all body tissues. Makassar, as a large city with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, still faces the problem of anemia among female students that has not been optimally addressed. Based on several local surveys, it was found that adolescents from lower-middle socioeconomic backgrounds and those with low nutritional knowledge tend to have a higher risk of developing anemia. This study aims to identify the characteristics of female students that contribute to the incidence of anemia among adolescent girls in Makassar City. The research method used is an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach conducted on 60 female students in Makassar City using simple random sampling in March 2023. The variables studied included father's education, mother's education, parental income, nutritional knowledge, and hemoglobin levels. Data were collected through questionnaires and hemoglobin measurements, and the data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results of the study showed that there was no significant relationship between father's and mother's education, family income, and nutritional knowledge with the incidence of anemia among female students. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the need to strengthen behavior-based nutritional interventions and practical nutrition literacy, not just educational and informative ones. Although education and nutrition knowledge are important, the findings indicate that knowledge alone is insufficient to prevent anemia if not followed by proper dietary practices.

Keywords: anemia, hemoglobin, characteristics, female students