Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar
<table style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; width: 834.01px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; margin-bottom: 20px; border: medium none currentcolor;"> Journal title Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar Initials Medkes Abbreviation medkes.poltekes.mks Print ISSN 1907-8153 (Print) Online ISSN 2549-0567 (Online) DOI 10.32382 Frequency 2 issues per year Editor-in-chief Dr. Rudy Hartono, S.KM., M.Kes (Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar, Indonesia) Publisher Research Unit of the Makassar Ministry of Health Polytechnic OAI Journal OAI Link <div style="font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: #333333; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 20px;"> Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar is a scientific journal published by the Research Unit of Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar. The journal focuses on publishing original and up-to-date research in the field of health sciences, including nursing, midwifery, environmental health, pharmacy, health laboratory technology (also known as medical laboratory sciences), nutrition, physiotherapy, dental health, public health, and other related health disciplines. Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar is a peer-reviewed scientific journal designed to promote scientific advancement in the health sector and serve as a credible reference to support evidence-based health practice at both national and international levels. The journal is designed to accommodate high-quality articles that are ready to compete on the global stage and welcomes contributions from both national and international authors. Currently, priority is given to submissions from Indonesian authors, in line with the journal's commitment to strengthening local research capacity before expanding its publication network to an international level. In addition, the journal serves as an academic forum for health researchers to publish their findings, enrich the scientific literature, and support the improvement of health human resources in Indonesia and internationally. <div style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #fff9e6; border-left: 5px solid #f59e0b; padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px;"> ⚠️ System Migration & Archives Notice Previously, the Media Kesehatan Journal of Poltekkes Makassar was managed and published via Open Journal Systems (OJS) version 2. However, due to technical issues including a malware attack that compromised the system's security and stability we were compelled to migrate to OJS version 3. As a result, all manuscript handling and publication processes are now conducted through this new platform. Readers seeking access to back issues from Volume 11, Issue 2 (2016) through Volume 17, Issue 2 (2022) may still retrieve them via our archived site: Access Old Archives (OJS 2) →
Direktorat Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar
Association between Noise Intensity, Physical Workload, and Mental Workload with Work Stress among Workers at a Concrete Manufacturing Plant: A Cross-Sectional Study
The concrete industry is synonymous with high-pressure work environments, primarily from physical factors. This study aims to analyze the associated with of noise intensity, physical workload, and mental workload on work stress levels at PT Bosowa Beton, a modern concrete manufacturing plant. This research employed a cross-sectional design with 49 employees as respondents. Data were collected using the HSE Indicator Tool to measure work stress (where lower scores indicate higher stress levels), alongside the NASA-TLX for mental workload and Cardiovascular Load (CVL) for physical workload. Direct noise intensity measurements were conducted using a calibrated sound level meter. Data analysis was performed using correlation tests to identify relationships and associated with between variables. The average noise level was 86.54 dB (exceeding the TLV). A total of 18.4% of employees experienced high to very high stress. Statistical tests revealed that mental workload had a significant positive associated with on stress (p-value=0.041; r=0.293). Noise showed a significant negative relationship with stress (p-value=0.001; r=-0.459), while physical workload had no significant associated with stress (p-value=0.927; r=0.013). This finding indicates that the associated of stress originates from mental aspects. This study shows that mental workload and noise intensity are significantly associated with work stress, while physical workload is not. These findings highlight the importance of managing mental workload and controlling noise in the workplace. Further research using longitudinal or multivariate approaches is needed to clarify these relationships and develop more targeted interventions.
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Behavioral and Anthropometric Predictors of Noncommunicable Diseases Among Older Adults: The Dominance of Smoking and Central Obesity
The escalating burden of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) poses a significant public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. In the Rancakalong Health Center area, Sumedang, hypertension prevalence among older adults has reached a critical 56.8%. This study aimed to identify and delineate the risk profiles of community-based NCDs—specifically a reported history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia—among the older population. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a total sampling technique, involving 711 older adults. Data were collected using the validated Modified NCD Screening Form, covering lifestyle parameters, anthropometry, and clinical history. Independent predictors were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of NCD history among subjects was 57.9%. The multivariate model identified smoking habits as the strongest predictor (OR=3.49; 95% CI: 2.35–5.18; p<0.001). Other significant risk factors included infrequent vegetable/fruit consumption (OR=1.79; p<0.001), high-salt/fat intake (OR=2.12; p<0.001), overweight and obesity (OR=1.82–3.00; p=0.003), and increased abdominal circumference (OR=2.46; p<0.001). Conversely, low to moderate physical activity showed a protective effect (OR: 0.58 and 0.40; p<0.001), while alcohol consumption was not statistically significant (p=0.823). These findings underscore the urgency of evidence-based public health interventions at the primary care level. Shifting the focus toward lifestyle modifications is essential to mitigate NCD risks and enhance the quality of life for older adults in community settings.
Father Involvement in Complementary Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status among Children Aged 6–24 Months: A Systematic Review Based on Friedman Family Theory
Nutritional problems among children aged 6–24 months remain a major public health concern, particularly those related to suboptimal complementary feeding (CF) practices. Father involvement in child feeding has gained increasing attention; however, its role within family systems remains insufficiently synthesized. This study aimed to systematically review the association between father involvement, complementary feeding practices, and children’s nutritional status using the Friedman Family Theory framework. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2018 and 2025. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising cross-sectional, cohort, randomized controlled trial, qualitative, and mixed-methods designs. Data were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in study design and measurement. The findings indicate that father involvement is consistently associated with improved complementary feeding practices, including dietary diversity, meal frequency, feeding routines, and adherence to recommended feeding guidelines. In contrast, evidence linking father involvement to children’s nutritional status (e.g., height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height) is more heterogeneous and less consistent across studies, reflecting the multifactorial determinants of child growth. Direct paternal engagement in feeding activities showed stronger associations with feeding outcomes compared to indirect forms such as financial support. The main limitations of this review include the predominance of cross-sectional studies, variability in the measurement of father involvement, reliance on self-reported data, and restriction to English-language publications. These limitations may affect the comparability and generalizability of findings. In conclusion, father involvement plays a significant and consistent role in improving complementary feeding practices, while its impact on anthropometric outcomes remains variable. Integrating fathers into family-centered nutrition interventions is essential to strengthen caregiving dynamics and optimize child feeding practices.
The Effectiveness of a Child-Centered Learning Approach as a Nursing Intervention in Improving Adolescents’ Knowledge about Early Marriage: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Early marriage remains a significant public health concern with adverse consequences for adolescents’ health, education, and psychosocial development. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of child-centered learning Approach as a nursing intervention in improving adolescents’ knowledge regarding early marriage. A quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design was conducted in Borongloe Subdistrict, Bontomarannu District, Gowa Regency. A total of 100 adolescents aged 15–18 years participated in the study and were assigned to either an intervention group (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50). The intervention group received health education based on a Child-Centered Learning Approach that emphasized active learner engagement, collaborative learning, critical thinking, problem-solving activities, and the use age-appropriate educational materials. The control group received conventional lecture-based health education. Adolescents’ regarding early marriage was measured before and after the intervention using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for within-group comparisons and the Mann–Whitney U test for between-group comparisons. The mean knowledge score in the intervention group increased from 55.44 to 87.00, while the control group showed only a slight change from 58.00 to 75.36. Statistical analysis showed a significant improvement in knowledge scores among adolescents in the intervention group after receiving child-centered learning–based health education (p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant change was observed in the control group. Comparative analysis between the two groups revealed a statistically significant difference in post-test knowledge scores (p < 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of the child-centered learning approach. These findings indicate that health education delivered through a child-centered learning approach can significantly improve adolescents’ knowledge regarding early marriage.
Effectiveness of a FOUR Consciousness Assessment Workshop on Nurses’ Knowledge and Competence in Managing Head Trauma:A Pre-Experimental Study
Based on global epidemiological trends over the years, traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the most common neurological disorders and continues to pose a substantial public health burden worldwide. The FOUR Scale, which is more comprehensive than the GCS because it evaluates brainstem reflexes and respiratory patterns and is applicable to both intubated and non-intubated patients, remains underutilized in several hospitals due to limited nurse knowledge and insufficient training, highlighting the need for structured educational interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a FOUR Scale consciousness assessment workshop in improving nurses’ knowledge and competence in managing head trauma patients at RSUD Syech Yusuf, Gowa Regency. A quantitative approach using a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was applied, involving 40 nurses selected through total sampling. Data were collected using a validated and reliable knowledge questionnaire and competence observation sheet (Cronbach’s α 0.738) and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test based on Z-scores, p-values, and effect sizes. The findings demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge (Z = –5.231; r = 0.827; p = 0.001) and competence (Z = –6.325; r = 0.99; p = 0.001) after the workshop. The large effect sizes indicate that the workshop had a strong positive impact on participants’ clinical abilities. These results confirm that training incorporating theoretical instruction, simulation, case discussions, and reflective learning can effectively enhance clinical competence. The FOUR Scale workshop proved effective and is recommended for routine implementation as part of emergency care quality improvement and as a component of hospital Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
Sarcopenia and Fall Risk Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Sarcopenia and falls are major geriatric syndromes that significantly impact functional independence, mobility, and overall health status among older adults. As the aging population continues to increase, understanding the physiological, functional, and environmental links between muscle deterioration and fall vulnerability becomes essential for effective community-based health management. This study aimed to analyze the association between sarcopenia risk and fall risk among community-dwelling older adults in the Wanasari Cibitung area of Bekasi, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 305 older adults aged 60 years and above selected using consecutive sampling. Sarcopenia risk was assessed using the SARC-CalF tool, which combines the SARC-F questionnaire with calf circumference measurement, while fall risk was evaluated using the P3G assessment consisting of 11 fall-related domains. Sociodemographic data, chronic disease profiles, and physical function indicators were collected through structured interviews and standardized measurements performed by trained enumerators. Data analysis included descriptive statistics to determine prevalence and Spearman’s rank correlation to examine the relationship between sarcopenia and fall risk due to non-normal data distribution. Findings revealed that 44.9% of respondents were categorized as high risk for sarcopenia, and 55.4% were classified as high risk for falling. The mean SARC-CalF score was 6.70 ± 6.15, and the mean P3G score was 5.60 ± 4.84, indicating substantial muscle function decline and fall susceptibility within the population. A strong positive correlation was identified between sarcopenia and fall risk (r = 0.612; p < 0.001; 95% CI; 0.53-0.68) ), demonstrating that higher sarcopenia severity is associated with greater fall vulnerability. These results highlight the urgent need to integrate sarcopenia screening and fall-prevention strategies within routine primary healthcare services for older adults
Vulnerability and Concern as Key Determinants of HIV Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Case–Control Study at Anutapura Regional General Hospital, Palu, Indonesia.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major public health problem, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM), who are at increased risk of infection. Various cognitive, psychosocial, social, and behavioral factors may influence HIV incidence in this population. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of HIV infection among MSM at Anutapura Regional General Hospital, Palu, Indonesia. This study used a quantitative analytical design with a case–control approach. The population consisted of MSM who underwent HIV testing or received HIV treatment at Anutapura Regional General Hospital during 2023–2025. A total of 126 respondents were included, comprising 63 HIV-positive MSM as cases and 63 HIV-negative MSM as controls. HIV-positive participants were selected using total sampling, while HIV-negative participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and medical records. Independent variables included knowledge, vulnerability, concern, social life, and preventive actions. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that vulnerability was significantly associated with HIV incidence (p = 0.001; OR = 3.76; 95% CI: 1.74–8.15) and was the most dominant risk factor. Concern toward HIV acted as a protective factor (p = 0.032; OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.18–0.93). Knowledge, social life, and preventive actions were not significantly associated with HIV incidence. In conclusion, vulnerability is the main determinant of HIV infection among MSM, while concern toward HIV plays a protective role. These findings indicate that HIV prevention programs should focus on reducing vulnerability through behavioral interventions, improving access to health services, and strengthening psychosocial support for MSM populations.
Evaluation of Nutritional Content and Antioxidant Activity of Purple Sweet Potato Pudding Enriched with Red Dragon Fruit
Degenerative diseases remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia. Unhealthy dietary patterns are among the major modifiable risk factors, highlighting the importance of developing nutritious functional foods. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional composition, antioxidant activity, acceptability, and serving size of purple sweet potato pudding enriched with red dragon fruit as a potential functional snack. This descriptive observational study was conducted through laboratory analyses and sensory evaluation. Protein content was determined using the UV–Vis spectrophotometric method, fat content using Soxhlet extraction, carbohydrate content using the anthrone method, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay. Acceptability was evaluated through a hedonic test. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. The results showed that the best formulation was P3, consisting of 37.5% purple sweet potato and 62.5% red dragon fruit. This formulation showed the highest acceptability in terms of color and taste. The nutritional composition of P3 per 100 g included 65.1 kcal energy, 3.9 g protein, 0.3 g fat, 11.7 g carbohydrates, and 3.7 g fiber, with an antioxidant capacity of 67.3 mg. A 100 g serving contributed 3% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for energy, 4% for protein and carbohydrates, and 12% for fiber. These findings indicate that purple sweet potato pudding enriched with red dragon fruit has potential as a functional snack with antioxidant properties that may support degenerative disease prevention
Association Between Coping Strategies and Psychological Well-Being among Urban Adolescents in an Islamic Senior High School
Adolescence is a developmental stage characterized by academic, social, and emotional challenges that may influence psychological well-being. Coping strategies are considered important factors that help adolescents manage stress and maintain positive psychological functioning. This study aimed to examine the association between coping strategies and psychological well-being among adolescents. This study employed a quantitative descriptive–correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted at a religious-based senior high school in Makassar, Indonesia, involving 36 adolescents selected using stratified random sampling. Coping strategies were measured using the Brief COPE questionnaire, while psychological well-being was assessed using an adapted Psychological Well-Being (PWB) questionnaire. Both variables were categorized into categorical data for bivariate analysis purposes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis to examine the association between coping strategy categories and psychological well-being levels. Because of the relatively small sample size, the findings were interpreted cautiously. Most respondents demonstrated adaptive coping strategies (94.4%) and high psychological well-being (61.1%). Statistical analysis showed that coping strategies were significantly associated with psychological well-being (p < 0.05), indicating that adolescents who applied adaptive coping strategies tended to demonstrate higher psychological well-being. However, findings related to maladaptive coping should be interpreted cautiously because the number of respondents in this category was very limited. Adaptive coping strategies were positively associated with psychological well-being among adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening adaptive coping skills through school-based mental health programs. Future studies are recommended to involve larger and more diverse populations to improve generalizability.
Chronic Energy Deficiency Mediates the Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Anemia in Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study in Rural Gorontalo
Anemia during pregnancy remains an important public health problem and is closely associated with socioeconomic inequality and maternal nutritional status. This study aimed to examine the role of chronic energy deficiency (CED) as a potential mediator in the relationship between socioeconomic status and anemia among pregnant women in rural Gorontalo, Indonesia. An observational analytic study with a case–control design was conducted involving 168 pregnant women, consisting of 56 anemia cases and 112 non-anemic controls, selected using consecutive sampling. Cases were defined as pregnant women with hemoglobin levels <11 g/dL, while controls were pregnant women with hemoglobin levels ≥11 g/dL. Data were obtained from primary data collection and maternal health records. Causal mediation analysis guided by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) was performed using logistic regression to estimate the adjusted total effect, natural direct effect, and natural indirect effect. After adjustment for potential confounders, low socioeconomic status was significantly associated with anemia during pregnancy, with a total effect of aOR = 4.05; 95% CI: 1.841–8.896. The natural indirect effect through CED was also statistically significant, with aOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.018–1.693, accounting for 23.76% of the total effect. The natural direct effect remained significant, with aOR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.351–7.030. These findings indicate that CED partially mediates the relationship between socioeconomic status and anemia during pregnancy. Anemia prevention strategies should therefore integrate maternal nutritional interventions with broader socioeconomic and antenatal care approaches, particularly for pregnant women from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds.
Fast Food Consumption, Physical Activity, and Knowledge of Diabetes in Relation to Body Mass Index in Urban Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Urban adolescents tend to increase fast-food consumption and engage in unbalanced physical activity, which may contribute to abnormal Body Mass Index (BMI) and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to analyse the relationships among diabetes mellitus knowledge, fast-food dietary patterns, and physical activity with BMI among adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 urban adolescents from public senior high schools in Bekasi City, Indonesia, in December 2025, using stratified cluster sampling. DM knowledge was measured using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire-24 (DKQ-24), fast-food intake using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). BMI was calculated from weight and height measurements. Data were analysed using Chi-Square and binary logistic regression tests with a significance level of α = 0.05. Fast-food dietary pattern (χ2 = 11.237; p = 0.010) and physical activity (χ2 = 17.584; p = 0.001) were significantly related to BMI; DM knowledge was not (χ2 = 1.838; p = 0.934). Fast-food dietary pattern was the dominant clinical factor for abnormal BMI (OR = 2.447; 95% CI 0.852–7.032; p = 0.098). Although fast-food dietary patterns showed a higher odds ratio for abnormal BMI, the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.098); however, the finding may still indicate a potential clinical trend that warrants attention. Physical activity was significantly associated with adolescent BMI. Nurses and health professionals should develop school-based nutrition education to reduce fast-food consumption and prevent early type 2 DM.
Infectious Disease and Maternal Factors Associated with Stunting among Children in Mimika, Central Papua: A Case–Control Study
Child stunting persists as a critical nutritional challenge in Indonesia, with a disproportionately high burden in its eastern provinces, where infectious diseases are endemic. This study aimed to identify the determinants of stunting among children aged 24–59 months in Mimika District, Papua Tengah. A retrospective case–control study was carried out in the service area of the Pasar Sentral Primary Health Center. The analysis included 330 children aged 24–59 months, including 110 stunted cases and 220 controls, who were recruited from the same community health posts; controls were selected using simple random sampling with a 1:2 case-to-control ratio Information was obtained through structured interviews with caregivers and the verification of health records, including maternal and child health books and the electronic community-based nutrition recording system (e-PPGM). The associations between potential risk factors and stunting were evaluated using chi-square tests, followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis. A history of infectious disease had the strongest association (aOR 4.81; 95% CI 2.69–8.58). Additional factors associated with stunting were household income below the provincial minimum wage (aOR 3.52; 95% CI 1.98–6.26), low maternal education (aOR 2.92; 95% CI 1.63–5.23), low birth weight (aOR 2.78; 95% CI 1.37–5.64), incomplete immunization (aOR 2.21; 95% CI 1.24–3.94), lack of exclusive breastfeeding (aOR 2.32; 95% CI 1.29–4.16), incomplete antenatal care visits (aOR 1.96; 95% CI 1.10–3.49), and maternal anemia during pregnancy (aOR 1.85; 95% CI 1.04–3.30). Integrated strategies focusing on infection prevention, maternal and child health services, and household living conditions are needed to reduce stunting in malaria-endemic areas.
Effect of the SADIVA Digital Application on Knowledge, Counseling, and Screening Skills of Health Cadres for Early Breast and Cervical Cancer Detection: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Breast cancer and cervical cancer are among the most common cancers affecting women. Health cadres play an important role in encouraging women to undergo visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and clinical breast examination (CBE) at healthcare facilities. The “SADIVA” app was developed as an educational tool to assist health cadres in promoting awareness about the early detection of breast and cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the effect of the “SADIVA” digital media on improving the knowledge, counseling skills and screening skills of health cadres in conducting education and early detection for breast and cervical cancer among women of reproductive age. This study used a Two Group Pretest-Posttest design. The population included health cadres working in the jurisdiction of the Sesela Community Health Center. A total of 60 participants were selected through purposive sampling and divided into two groups, consisting of 30 participants in the intervention group and 30 participants in the control group. The intervention was conducted for four weeks. The intervention group received training on how to use the SADIVA app, while the control group received a booklet. The training was conducted for approximately 60 minutes. Following the training session, all respondents carried out independent practice at least three times per week and were monitored using a checklist and a WhatsApp group. The results of the Mann–Whitney test for the knowledge variable in the post-test showed a Z-score of -2.317, a p-value of 0.016 (p < 0.05), and an effect size of 0.30. Meanwhile, the screening skills variable demonstrated a Z-value of -6.318, a p-value of < 0.001 (p < 0.05), and an effect size of 0.82. And for the health education skills variable, a Z-value of -3.508 was obtained; p-value < 0.001 (p < 0.05); with an effect size of 0.46. Thus, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the post-test scores for knowledge, screening skills, and counseling skills between the intervention group and the control group, with the effect sizes for each variable being moderate for the knowledge and counseling skills variables, and having a large effect on the improvement in the respondents’ screening skills. The “SADIVA” digital media significantly enhanced the knowledge, counseling abilities, and screening skills of health cadres in supporting the early detection of breast and cervical cancer among women of reproductive age.
Maternal Age at Marriage and the Incidence of Stunting Among Children Under Five: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sleman Regency, Indonesia
Stunting continues to be a significant public health concern in Indonesia and is strongly associated with maternal and reproductive determinants. One recognized factor contributing to stunting is early marriage, which may increase biological, psychosocial, and socioeconomic vulnerability among mothers. This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal age at marriage and stunting among children under five in Sleman Regency, Indonesia, while accounting for selected maternal and child characteristics. A cross-sectional design was conducted from October to December 2025 across three primary health centers in Sleman, involving 60 mother–child pairs selected through total sampling. Stunting was defined as a height-for-age z-score below −2 standard deviations based on WHO criteria. Independent variables included maternal age at marriage, maternal sociodemographic characteristics, birth spacing, exclusive breastfeeding history, child sex, and health center coverage area. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods with Firth’s logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and model selection was guided by the Akaike Information Criterion. Stunting prevalence was 16.7%. Early maternal marriage, female sex, and inadequate birth spacing were significantly associated with higher stunting risk. These findings underscore the importance of delaying marriage and strengthening reproductive health interventions.
Association Between Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Viral Suppression Among People Living with HIV in Bogor City: A Case-Control Study
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continues to be a major global public health problem. HIV requires Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment to suppress the amount of HIV virus in the body. Adherence to ART can be influenced by a number of factors, including the patient's social situation and clinical condition, the prescribed regimen, and the patient-provider relationship. Adherence to ARV treatment is essential for PLWHA to achieve treatment success. Conversely, non-adherence to treatment can result in virologic failure. Virologic failure is an early sign of treatment failure. Over time, virologic failure will be followed by immunologic failure and ultimately clinical failure will occur. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression in HIV patients in Bogor City. Research Methods This study is a quantitative study using an analytical observation method with a case-control study design. The study population was all people with HIV recorded in SIHA version 1.7 in Bogor City. The sampling technique used total sampling for the case group and simple random sampling for the control group. Data were taken from viral load examinations on a sample of 84 people and controls 3 times more than the number of cases, namely 252 people. The results of the study showed a significant relationship between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression in HIV sufferers in Bogor City with a large association of 13.39 (95% CI: 6.09 - 29.41, p value: 0.000). Conclusion People with HIV in Bogor City who do not experience viral suppression have a low level of adherence with a proportion of 34.52% greater than in the group of people with HIV who experience viral suppression with a proportion of only 5.16% at the same level of adherence
Determinants of Healthy Puberty among Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia
Healthy puberty is a critical developmental phase requiring appropriate biological, psychological, and social adaptation, particularly for adolescents with intellectual disabilities who may experience limitations in cognitive and adaptive functioning. These limitations can affect their ability to understand bodily changes, maintain personal hygiene, and engage in appropriate social behavior during puberty. This study aimed to identify factors associated with healthy puberty behavior and to determine the strongest bivariate association among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. A quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 32 adolescents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing knowledge about puberty, attitudes toward puberty, health status, parental role, and healthy puberty behavior. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistical tests. The results showed that knowledge about puberty (p = 0.036; OR = 5.76) and parental role (p = 0.006; OR = 9.00) were associated with healthy puberty behavior. Health status showed a borderline association (p = 0.050; OR = 4.58), while attitudes toward puberty were not associated (p = 0.492). In conclusion, knowledge and parental role are important factors related to healthy puberty behavior among adolescents with intellectual disabilities, with parental role showing the strongest association. These findings highlight the importance of caregiver involvement in supporting adolescents during puberty. However, the small sample size limits the generalizability of the results.
Formulation and Anti-Aging Activity of Collagen Extract from Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Skin Cream in UV-B Induced Wistar Rats
Skin aging is a progressive biological process that can be accelerated by excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure, leading to structural damage characterized by wrinkle formation, loss of elasticity, and rough skin texture. This study aimed to formulate an anti-aging cream containing collagen-rich skin extract of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and to evaluate its anti-aging efficacy in a UV-B–induced skin aging model using Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). A laboratory experimental design was employed using 15 male rats divided into five groups: negative control (cream base), positive control (commercial anti-aging cream), and treatment groups containing 1%, 3%, and 5% yellowfin tuna skin extract. The dorsal skin was exposed to UV-B radiation for 17 minutes daily for 10 consecutive days, followed by topical application of the respective formulations. Wrinkle severity was assessed macroscopically using a visual scoring system (0 = normal texture; 1 = shallow wrinkles; 2 = deep wrinkles with laxity). All formulations demonstrated acceptable physical stability, with pH values ranging from 4.98 to 5.48 and viscosity remaining within the acceptable range after cycling tests. Anti-aging evaluation revealed a dose-dependent improvement in wrinkle scores. The 5% formulation showed the most pronounced effect, with the median wrinkle score decreasing from 2 on day 1 to 0 on day 10, whereas the negative control group showed only a slight reduction from 2 to 1 during the same period. The 3% formulation demonstrated moderate improvement, while the 1% formulation exhibited fluctuating results. In conclusion, yellowfin tuna skin extract can be successfully formulated into a stable oil-in-water cream, and the 5% concentration exhibited the highest anti-aging activity in UV-B–exposed rats, supporting its potential as a marine-derived natural ingredient for topical anti-aging applications.
Association Between Enteral Nutrition Management And Glucose Stability Among Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectonal Study
Glucose instability is a common challenge among hospitalized patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including prolonged hospitalization, increased risk of complications, and higher healthcare utilization. Enteral nutrition management may play an important role in maintaining glycemic control during hospitalization; however, evidence regarding its association with glucose stability remains limited, particularly in Indonesian healthcare settings. To analyze the association between enteral nutrition management and glucose stability among hospitalized patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in the inpatient ward of RSAU dr. Dody Sardjoto Hospital, Indonesia, from July to September 2025. Thirty hospitalized patients with T2DM who received enteral nutrition therapy for at least 72 hours were recruited using purposive sampling. Enteral nutrition management was evaluated based on formula appropriateness, energy adequacy, protein adequacy, feeding frequency, and feeding method. Glucose stability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) of blood glucose measurements obtained during the first 72 hours of enteral nutrition therapy. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact, and logistic regression tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of STIKES Notokusumo (No. 034/STIKES-NH/KEPK/V/2025). The participants had a mean age of 59.4 ± 3.1 years and a mean diabetes duration of 12.0 ± 3.8 years. Overall, 19 patients (63.3%) achieved stable glucose levels (CV < 36%), whereas 11 patients (36.7%) experienced glucose instability. Diabetes-specific enteral formulas were significantly associated with a higher proportion of glucose stability compared with standard polymeric formulas (p = 0.003). Enteral feeding administered 5–6 times daily was also significantly associated with better glucose stability than feeding frequencies of 3–4 times daily (p = 0.021). No significant association was observed between total daily energy intake and glucose stability (p = 0.074). In addition, the proportion of hyperglycemia was lower among patients receiving diabetes-specific formulas than among those receiving standard formulas. Diabetes-specific enteral formulas and more frequent enteral feeding schedules were associated with better glucose stability among hospitalized patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. These findings support the importance of optimizing enteral nutrition management as part of comprehensive glycemic care in hospital settings. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these findings.
Institutional Readiness of Baubau City Regional General Hospital in Implementing the Standardised Inpatient Care Class Policy
The Standardised Inpatient Care Class (KRIS) is a national policy within the National Health Insurance (JKN) programme in Indonesia that mandates hospitals to fulfil 12 technical criteria to ensure equitable inpatient services for all BPJS Kesehatan participants. This study evaluated the institutional readiness of Baubau City Regional General Hospital in implementing KRIS as mandated by Presidential Regulation (No.59/2024). A convergent mixed-methods design was employed, involving four key informants with direct authority over the implementation process. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, readiness assessments based on the 12 KRIS criteria, direct field observations, and document reviews. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed separately and integrated during interpretation using SWOT and fishbone analyses. The findings indicated that the hospital had not yet achieved readiness to implement KRIS, particularly in infrastructure standards, clinical-support facilities, and service system requirements. Major barriers included limited regional fiscal capacity, disparities in governance authority between local and centrally managed hospitals, and weak inter-unit coordination. These constraints may affect policy implementation effectiveness and equitable service delivery. The study concludes that Baubau City Regional General Hospital remains institutionally unprepared for full KRIS implementation. A phased PDCA (Plan–Do–Check–Act) approach is recommended to strengthen infrastructure readiness, coordination mechanisms, and institutional implementation capacity.
The Effect of Gamification-Based Peer Learning on CPR Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Among Secondary School Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of global mortality, and one of their serious complications is sudden cardiac arrest, which requires immediate intervention through cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). CPR education at the school level is crucial for enhancing students’ readiness to respond to cardiac arrest incidents outside of hospitals. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of gamification-based CPR training in improving knowledge and self-efficacy among high school students. A quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design was conducted on 90 students. The intervention group received CPR training based on American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines through peer-to-peer learning integrated with gamification elements. The control group received peer-to-peer CPR training without gamification. The sample was selected using stratified random sampling based on grade level. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Mann–Whitney U tests with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that the intervention group experienced a significant increase in knowledge (p < 0.001) and self-efficacy (p = 0.010), while the control group experienced a significant increase in knowledge (p < 0.001), but not in self-efficacy (p = 1.000). In the between-group analysis, post-test knowledge scores differed significantly with a small effect size (p = 0.039; Cohen’s d = 0.262), but the change in knowledge scores did not differ significantly (p = 0.795; Cohen’s d = 0.030). Significant differences were found in post-test self-efficacy (p = 0.009; Cohen’s d = 0.436) and changes in self-efficacy (p = 0.002; Cohen’s d = 0.555). Gamification-based CPR training is associated with increased knowledge and self-efficacy among high school students. However, this increase in knowledge was not significantly different from that of the control group. Therefore, gamification may be particularly beneficial for enhancing students’ self-efficacy and their readiness to provide first aid in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest situations.
Multidomain Determinants of Stunting in Six High-Prevalence Districts in Sulawesi, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey
Stunting remains a major public health challenge, particularly in areas characterized by socioeconomic and environmental disparities. Although the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia declined to 19.8% in 2024, several districts in Sulawesi continue to report substantially higher rates. This study aimed to identify family, nutrition-sensitive, and nutrition-specific determinants of stunting across six high-prevalence districts in Sulawesi, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI). The study included 3,263 households with children under five years of age from Mamuju (n=552), Gorontalo City (n=561), Buton Selatan (n=580), Minahasa Selatan (n=480), Jeneponto (n=580), and Buol (n=510). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression. Multivariate analysis revealed substantial district-level variation in the determinants of stunting. In Mamuju, proper kitchen wastewater disposal systems were associated with lower odds of stunting (AOR=0.36; 95% CI: 0.181–0.706; p=0.003). In Buton Selatan, incomplete hepatitis immunization increased the odds of stunting (AOR=1.88; 95% CI: 1.036–3.401; p=0.038). In Buol, higher maternal education was associated with lower odds of stunting (AOR=0.71; 95% CI: 0.524–0.969; p=0.031). In Minahasa Selatan, higher paternal education (AOR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.338–0.932; p=0.026) and health insurance ownership (AOR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.208–0.891; p=0.023) were protective factors. An association between paternal employment and stunting was also observed, although this finding should be interpreted cautiously because of the small subgroup size. No significant determinants were identified in Gorontalo City or Jeneponto. Determinants of stunting varied across districts, indicating that stunting is highly context-dependent. District-specific interventions focusing on sanitation, immunization coverage, parental education, and socioeconomic support are needed to accelerate stunting reduction in high-prevalence areas.
Association Between Seasonal Variation and Hypertension in Pregnancy at Anna Medika Madura Hospital
Hypertension in Pregnancy are classified as follows: chronic hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Hypertensive problems in pregnancy particularly pre eclampsia and eclampsia afflicts nearly 28% of pregnant women globally and are an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. First-time mothers with a previous pregnancy termination, a high body mass index and a paternal effect are at a higher risk of developing pre-eclampsia. Again, Mediterranean seasonal pattern documentation showed variations in severe preeclampsia rates; all of which warrant a more comprehensive study. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between seasonal variations and hypertension in pregnancy. This study used an analytical cross-sectional design. The independent variable in this study was seasonal variation, while the dependent variable was the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy. The study population consisted of 1,210 pregnant women registered in the medical records of ANNA Medika Madura General Hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2025, with a sample size of 291 pregnant women determined using the Lemeshow formula, based on the inclusion criterion of residing in Madura. . The exclusion criterion in this study was incomplete medical records and chronic hypertension . The sampling technique used stratified random sampling. Statistical analysis used chi-square test only; no adjustment for potential confounders was performed. During the dry season, 24% of pregnant women had hypertension, while 76% did not. Conversely, during the rainy season, the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy was higher than during the dry season, at 33%, with 67% of pregnant women not having hypertension. Statistical analysis results indicate a significant association between seasonal variations and the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy (p = 0.024), suggesting that the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy differs significantly between the dry season and the rainy season. Seasonal variations are significantly associated with hypertension in pregnancy, with a higher number of cases during the rainy season compared to the dry season. Healthcare providers are advised to intensify antenatal monitoring during the rainy season, particularly for pregnant women with risk factors. Strategies for prevention, early detection, and management of hypertension in pregnancy need to be further optimized. Additionally, further research is recommended to investigate the mechanisms underlying this association and to develop season-specific intervention strategies.
Comparative Effectiveness of Coconut Shell Charcoal and Rice Husk Ash as Adsorbents in Filtration Systems for Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) Removal from Groundwater
Clean water is a vital basic need for human life. However, in several areas such as Makassar City, drilled well water is often contaminated by heavy metals such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) that exceed the quality standard thresholds established in Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 2 Tahun 2023 concerning drinking water quality standards. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of coconut shell charcoal and rice husk ash as filtration media in reducing Fe and Mn levels in drilled well water. The study employed a quasi-experimental design using a simple column filtration system with measurements conducted before and after treatment. Water samples were collected from drilled wells in Paccerakkang Village, Biringkanaya District, Makassar City, and experiments were conducted using three treatments: control, coconut shell charcoal filtration, and rice husk ash filtration with repeated observations over three days. The results showed that both coconut shell charcoal and rice husk ash were effective as natural filtration media. Coconut shell charcoal reduced Fe levels by an average of 96.26% and Mn levels by 100%, while rice husk ash reduced Fe levels by an average of 97.45% and Mn levels by 100%. These results indicate that rice husk ash demonstrated slightly higher effectiveness in reducing Fe concentrations compared to coconut shell charcoal. It can be concluded that coconut shell charcoal and rice husk ash can serve as alternative natural filtration media for community-based clean water treatment. These materials are low-cost, locally available, and capable of significantly improving well water quality. Further research is recommended to explore combinations of filtration media, variations in media thickness, and different contact times to optimize filtration performance
Sanitation and Hygiene Risk Factors Associated with Salmonella Contamination in Restaurant Foods in Makassar City: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Typhoid fever is an infectious disease that remains a public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation. It is caused by Salmonella typhi, which is commonly transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food or water. Makassar City, as a major culinary hub, faces significant challenges in ensuring food safety across various restaurants. This study aims to analyze environmental exposure risks in restaurant food associated with typhoid fever incidence in Makassar City by identifying pathogenic microorganisms and assessing potential sources of contamination, including water quality, food material hygiene, environmental sanitation, and food handlers’ hygiene practices during food preparation and serving. This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 60 restaurants were selected using purposive sampling based on location, type of business, and number of visitors. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) to determine associations between risk factors and Salmonella sp. contamination in food. The findings revealed that environmental physical conditions (p = 0.002; OR = 6.25), food processing hygiene and sanitation (p = 0.009; OR = 4.67), food handlers’ personal hygiene (p = 0.042; OR = 3.60), and environmental contamination risk (p = 0.023; OR = 3.46) were significantly associated with Salmonella contamination. Restaurants that did not meet the required standards were more likely to have contaminated food compared to those that met the criteria. Meanwhile, risk control measures were not significantly associated with contamination (p = 0.405; OR = 1.55). In conclusion, strengthening hygiene and sanitation practices, implementing the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system, and enhancing risk-based sanitation supervision by health authorities are essential to reduce typhoid transmission risks in restaurant settings.
Effect of Boiling on Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity (DPPH And ABTS) of Carica Papaya Flower Ethanolic Extracts
Carica papaya flowers are widely found in North Maluku, Indonesia, and have potential as a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. However, information on the effect of boiling on their phytochemical profile and bioactive properties is still limited. This study aimed to compare the phytochemical profile, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts from raw and boiled C. papaya flowers. Fresh flowers were prepared as raw and boiled samples at 90°C for 10 min, then extracted with ethanol. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out, total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays in triplicate. The qualitative phytochemical profile of both extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins. Boiled C. papaya flower extract had higher total phenolic content than raw extract, with mean values of 14.42 mg TAE/g and 8.05 mg TAE/g, respectively. Boiled extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity, with lower IC5050​ values in the DPPH assay (197.99 mg/L vs. 289.31 mg/L) and ABTS assay (94.37 mg/L vs. 134.48 mg/L). These results suggest that boiling may enhance the release of phenolic compounds and improve the antioxidant potential of C. papaya flowers. Further studies using compound identification, statistical validation, and in vivo testing are needed to confirm these findings and support their application in functional food development.
Household Air Pollution and Behavioral Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections in Toddlers: a Case-Control Study in Maros, Indonesia
Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) remains a leading cause of morbidity among toddlers in Indonesia, with household environmental and behavioral factors playing a critical role in its transmission. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with ARI incidence among toddlers in the working area of the Bantimurung Community Health Center, Maros Regency. An analytical observational study with a case-control design was conducted involving 158 toddlers (79 cases and 79 controls). Data were collected through structured interviews and observation, and analyzed using binary logistic regression to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The results showed that four variables were significantly associated with ARI incidence: occupancy density (adjusted OR = 4.137; 95% CI: 1.893–9.040; p < 0.001), family members’ smoking habits (adjusted OR = 2.763; 95% CI: 1.289–5.925; p = 0.009), use of mosquito repellents (adjusted OR = 4.480; 95% CI: 2.045–9.818; p < 0.001), and personal hygiene (adjusted OR = 2.455; 95% CI: 1.154–5.224; p = 0.020). Nutritional status (p = 0.074) and immunization history (p = 1.000) were not statistically significant. The use of mosquito repellents was identified as the strongest risk factor, indicating that toddlers in households using mosquito repellents were 4.48 times more likely to develop ARI. Interventions should prioritize reducing exposure to indoor air pollutants, particularly from mosquito repellent combustion, and promoting smoke-free and hygienic household environments.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Fig Leaf (Ficus carica L.) Ethyl Acetate Extract Transdermal Patch as a Candidate for Wound Healing Application
Wound healing can be enhanced through both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Non-pharmacological methods include proper wound cleaning and dressing, while pharmacological strategies utilize antiseptics and synthetic antibiotics to prevent infection. Recently, natural compounds such as Ficus carica L. leaves, rich in flavonoids, have gained attention for their wound-healing potential. Flavonoids play a crucial role in accelerating wound contraction, enhancing collagen deposition, and promoting granulation tissue formation. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a wound-healing patch incorporating the ethyl acetate extract of Ficus carica L. leaves, obtained via multistep maceration. The total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extract was 89.299 ± 0.14 mgQE/g. The patch was developed using the solvent casting method with HPMC K100M as the polymer matrix and propylene glycol as a plasticizer. The optimized formulation, containing 5.6% ethyl acetate extract (equivalent to 50 mg quercetin), met key evaluation criteria, exhibiting a uniform structure without wrinkling, a thickness of 1.0 ± 0.2 mm, a pH of 5, and a folding endurance of >200 cycles. In vitro permeation studies demonstrated effective active compound penetration, with a cumulative quercetin permeation of 21.76% within 180 minutes. The flux profile revealed an initial burst release followed by a transition toward controlled diffusion behavior, which is characteristic of HPMC-based monolithic matrices.
Dimensions of Husband's Social Support and Its Relationship to Postpartum Blues Symptoms in Postpartum Mothers in Mamajang District, Makassar City
Postpartum blues remain a common psychological problem among postpartum mothers. Husband’s social support is considered a key factor influencing the occurrence and prevention of postpartum blues. This study examined the relationship between dimensions of husband’s social support and postpartum blues symptoms among postpartum mothers in Mamajang District, Makassar, Indonesia. An analytical quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 50 postpartum mothers and 50 husbands selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using a social support questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using Spearman Rank, Pearson Product Moment, and Chi-Square tests. Postpartum blues symptoms were categorized as mild in 44% of mothers, while 28% were classified as normal and 28% as severe. Husband’s emotional and instrumental support were predominantly high (82–88%), appreciation support was moderate (68%), and informational support was low (54%). All dimensions of social support showed negative associations with postpartum blues symptoms. Emotional, informational, and appreciation support demonstrated weak and non-significant relationships. In contrast, instrumental support showed a significant negative correlation with postpartum blues symptoms (r = -0.319; p = 0.027), indicating its stronger contribution to reducing postpartum blues risk. The findings highlight disparities in both postpartum blues severity and the distribution of social support dimensions. Instrumental support emerged as the most influential protective factor, while other support dimensions contributed positively but less significantly. Active husband involvement through comprehensive social support, particularly instrumental support that addresses physical, psychological, and socioeconomic needs, may effectively reduce postpartum blues symptoms among postpartum mothers.
GIS-Based Spatial Risk Mapping of Aedes aegypti Larval Density and Dengue Transmission Risk in the Kassi-Kassi Community Health Center Area, Makassar City
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health concern in Makassar City, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti larval density and its association with dengue transmission risk among children in the working area of the Kassi-Kassi Community Health Center. A quantitative cross-sectional design with a geographic information system approach was used. A total of households were selected using proportional simple random sampling. Data were collected through field observations, household surveys, and secondary data from health institutions. The results showed that temperature ranged from 25.3°C to 27.3°C, humidity from 70% to 89%, and rainfall from 45 mm to 463 mm. Larval density was classified into low-risk (0–4), medium-risk (5–9), and high-risk (10–15) categories, while larvae-positive houses ranged from 87.5% to 100%. Spatial analysis using showed that high-risk areas were concentrated in densely populated settlements with poor drainage and uncovered water storage containers. The association between larval density and dengue incidence was indicated by [insert correlation/index value; p-value]. This study was limited by its cross-sectional design, single study area, and incomplete ability to establish causal relationships. The findings support targeted dengue prevention through Mosquito Nest Eradication, 3M Plus education, and routine larval monitoring.
Students' Understanding of Health and Social Issues: A GEDSI Perspective At Two Islamic Universities in Indonesia
The Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) framework explicitly seeks to address the structural barriers faced by marginalized groups, yet institutionalizing these frameworks within higher education settings often faces deep implementation gaps. While macro-policies and empirical violations are widely documented, understanding how university students conceptualize these intersecting issues is crucial for developing genuinely responsive campus ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the level of GEDSI understanding among Indonesian university students. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was conducted concurrently at Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta and Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar. The quantitative phase utilized a 17-item Likert scale questionnaire administered to 71 purposively sampled undergraduate students from various health and technical programs. Subsequently, the qualitative phase involved semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with a subset of 15 students selected based on survey score variations. The quantitative data underwent descriptive statistical analysis, while the qualitative audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and examined using thematic analysis. The findings reveal a distinct dualism in how university students conceptualize the GEDSI framework. In the public sphere, students demonstrated progressive perspectives, with 97.2% supporting equal leadership roles for female and 98.6% agreeing that classroom religious differences must be accommodated. Conversely, deeply internalized stereotypes persisted in the domestic domain, with 95.7% maintaining that the role of head of household belongs exclusively to men. Furthermore, despite 100% support for physical campus accessibility, 90.1% of respondents perceived individuals with disabilities through a traditional charity-based model rather than a structural, rights-based framework. A clear divergence persists between students' public endorsement of equity and their internalized, traditional beliefs regarding domestic gender roles and charity-focused models of disability.