MENGEKSPLORASI EFEKTIVTAS METODE PILATES UNTUK SKOLIOSIS DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM TERAPI: ULASAN SISTEMATIS

Exploring The Effectiveness of Pilates for Scoliosis and The Implications for Therapeutic Treatment: A Systematic Review

Abstrak

Skoliosis merupakan kelainan muskuloskeletal pada tulang belakang yang ditandai oleh deformitas tiga dimensi dan berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan postur, fungsi respirasi, nyeri, serta penurunan kualitas hidup. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan konservatif yang efektif dan berbasis bukti ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi efektivitas metode Pilates dalam penatalaksanaan skoliosis serta implikasinya dalam praktik terapi fisik. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif eksploratif melalui systematic literature review dengan menganalisis data sekunder dari artikel ilmiah internasional yang diperoleh melalui basis data Scopus, Google Scholar, dan Semantic Scholar. Proses seleksi dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan, sehingga diperoleh empat studi primer yang relevan untuk dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi Pilates memberikan dampak positif terhadap berbagai outcome klinis, meliputi penurunan Cobb angle pada populasi adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, peningkatan fungsi dan kekuatan otot pernapasan, perbaikan postur dan keseimbangan, penurunan nyeri muskuloskeletal, serta peningkatan kualitas hidup, khususnya pada populasi dewasa. Secara keseluruhan, Pilates dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai pendekatan rehabilitasi yang komprehensif dan berorientasi fungsi dalam terapi konservatif skoliosis, meskipun diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan desain metodologis yang lebih kuat untuk memperkuat bukti ilmiah yang ada.

Kata Kunci : Pilates, Skoliosis, Systematic Literature Review

Scoliosis is a musculoskeletal disorder of the spine characterized by three-dimensional deformities that may lead to postural imbalance, respiratory dysfunction, pain, and reduced quality of life. Therefore, effective and evidence-based conservative interventions are required. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of the Pilates method in the management of scoliosis and its implications for physical therapy practice. A descriptive exploratory design was employed through a systematic literature review by analyzing secondary data obtained from international scientific articles accessed via Scopus, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar databases. Study selection was conducted based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in four relevant primary studies that were analyzed descriptively and synthesized according to reported clinical outcomes. The findings indicate that Pilates interventions provide positive effects on multiple clinical parameters, including a reduction in Cobb angle in individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, improvements in respiratory function and respiratory muscle strength, enhanced postural control and balance, reduced musculoskeletal pain, and improved quality of life, particularly in adult populations. Overall, Pilates may be considered a comprehensive and function-oriented rehabilitation approach within conservative scoliosis management. However, further studies with stronger methodological designs and larger sample sizes are needed to strengthen the existing evidence.

Keywords: Pilates, scoliosis, systematic literature review