DURASI PAPARAN LAYAR SMARTPHONE TERKAIT FORWARD HEAD POSTURE PADA SISWA-SISWI SMA NEGERI 2 MAKASSAR

Screen Time Duration Associated with Forward Head Posture Among Students of SMA Negeri 2 Makassar

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi meningkatkan penggunaan smartphone, terutama di kalangan remaja. Pada 2024, diperkirakan ada 4,88 miliar pengguna smartphone global dan di Indonesia, penetrasi internet meningkat dari 64,85% menjadi 78,19% pada 2018–2023. Remaja usia 13–18 tahun menunjukkan tingkat kepemilikan smartphone 98,20%. Penggunaan berlebihan dapat menyebabkan gangguan muskuloskeletal, salah satunya FHP. Sebuah studi menunjukkan 59,5% individu mengalami FHP akibat durasi paparan smartphone yang berlebihan. Studi pendahuluan menunjukkan 8 dari 30 siswa terindikasi FHP dengan rata-rata durasi penggunaan layar 7–8 jam/hari. Pengambilan subjek menggunakan metode purposive sampling sesuai kriteria inklusi, dan diperoleh total sampel sebanyak 296 responden. Durasi paparan layar diukur menggunakan fitur screen time  pada smartphone dan FHP diukur menggunakan aplikasi Apecs. Terdapat 91 responden (30.7%) terindikasi mengalami FHP. Kemudian, uji Chi-Square diperoleh nilai p-value sebesar 0.001 (p<0.05). Koefisien kontingensi 0.209 yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan korelasi lemah antara kedua variabel tersebut.

Kata kunci : durasi paparan layar, forward head posture (FHP), gangguan muskuloskeletal, siswa, smartphone

The rapid development of technology has increased smartphone usage, particularly among adolescents. In 2024, it is estimated that there will be 4.88 billion global smartphone users, and in Indonesia, internet penetration has increased from 64.85% to 78.19% between 2018 and 2023. Adolescents aged 13–18 show a smartphone ownership rate of 98.20%. Excessive use can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, one of which is Forward head posture (FHP). A study showed that 59.5% of individuals experienced FHP due to excessive smartphone exposure. Preliminary studies showed that 8 out of 30 students were found to have FHP, with an average screen time of 7–8 hours per day. The subjects were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria, resulting in a total sample of 296 respondents. Screen time duration was measured using the screen time feature on respondents' smartphones, and FHP was measured using the Apecs application. A total of 91 respondents (30.7%) were found to be experiencing FHP. A chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.001 (p <0.05). The contingency coefficient of 0.209 indicates a significant relationship with a weak correlation between the two variables.

Keywords : forward head posture (FHP), muskuloskeletal disorders, screen time duration, smartphone, students