Media Farmasi

A Systematic Narrative Review Pharmacology and Toxicology Study of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.)

2025-03-10T14:22:52+08:00

Background: Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is a traditional medicinal plant widely utilized in various countries due to its pharmacological potential. Objective: This study aims to explore the biological activity by summarizing scientific findings regarding the pharmacological effects and toxicological profile of meniran, as well as highlighting the understanding related to safe therapeutic doses. Methods: This review was conducted using a systematic narrative approach, utilizing literature from journal articles, scientific reports, reference books, and publication data from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed studies published in the last 10 years, while exclusion criteria eliminated non-scientific articles and those not relevant to pharmacology or toxicology. Results: A total of 200 articles were identified, resulting in 34 articles selected for review after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the four journals/studies reviewed, it was found that bioactive compounds in meniran, such as flavonoids and lignans, play a crucial role in therapeutic effects including antioxidant activity, hepatoprotection, antimicrobial effects, and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, two journals/studies indicated that long-term use of meniran may have toxic effects. Conclusion: Meniran exhibits pharmacological activities such as antioxidant effects, hepatoprotection, antimicrobial effects, and anti-inflammatory effects; however, it may have toxic effects on the kidneys and liver when used in high doses. Further research is necessary to ensure the safety and effectiveness of its use in medical therapy.

The Drug Therapy Profile of Ischemic Stroke Patients in Indonesia Following of the 2019 National Guidelines for Stroke Medical Services: A Scoping Review

2025-03-18T06:18:47+08:00

In Indonesia, stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The National Guidelines for Medical Services Stroke (PNPK) which was established in 2019, provides guidance for raising the bar for stroke treatment. The purpose of this scoping study is to understand the profile of stroke patients in Indonesia following the PNPK 2019 with an emphasis on drug therapy, evaluation, and rationality. This study used a scoping review design with article searches using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases from 2020 to 2024. Criteria for inclusion include articles about stroke prevention in Indonesia, which can be accessed and used after PNPK 2019. From 1288 articles in PubMed and 80 articles in Google Scholar, 11 articles were selected that met the criteria. The most commonly used treatment combinations for stroke patients are neuroprotectants, antiplatelet, antihypertensive, and anti dislipidemia. Neuroprotectants, such as Citicoline, are the most commonly used drugs. The most effective antihypertensive treatment is a combination of CCB and ARBs. The majority of articles demonstrate high drug rationality, with accurate indication, patient, medication, and dosage reaching 100%. There are advantages to using rtPA for thrombolysis treatment, particularly in terms of onset time, access, and systemic benefits. While the profile of drug therapy among ischemic stroke patients in Indonesia demonstrates high rationality, the 2019 PNPK Stroke places more emphasis on therapy for ischemic stroke patients in the hyperacute phase, However, research on the application of therapy in hyperacute phase ischemic stroke patients has not been extensively conducted.

Review artikel: Potensi Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) Sebagai Agen Antikanker

2025-03-26T08:42:54+08:00

Globally, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death, and the number of cases continues to increase along with world population growth, population aging and modern lifestyles. The prevalence of cancer in 2024 will still be influenced by many factors, including lifestyle, diet, environmental exposure, and advances in cancer detection and treatment. Currently, a lot of research related to alternative cancer therapy focuses on the use of natural product as anticancer agents that are more selective, effective, and with lower side effects. This article review aims to provide information regarding the patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin) and its potential as an anticancer agent. This review was carried out by collecting literature from various databases published in the last 10 years (2014 – 2024). Based on literature searches, P. cablin is known to have anticancer activity against endometrial, ovarian, liver, skin, nasopharyngeal, prostate, blood, colorectal and lung cancer.

Evaluation the Safety of Children's Cough Syrup Through Diethylene Glycol Detection

2025-03-25T07:14:24+08:00

A recent report highlighted cases of contamination in children's cough syrup containing diethylene glycol, which poses potential health risks for children. This study aims to identify the presence of diethylene glycol in various children's cough syrups sold in Makassar City using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and FT-IR Spectroscopy methods. A total of 9 samples of children's cough syrup from three different brands, each originating from three batches, were analyzed in this study. The TLC analysis results showed significant differences between the samples and the standard. The Rf values of the samples ranged from 0.72 to 0.85, while the Rf value of the diethylene glycol standard was recorded at 0.41. Additionally, FT-IR analysis, based on the wave numbers and intensity of the spectra, indicated that the sample spectra did not match those of the diethylene glycol standard. Based on the evaluation of all children's cough syrup samples using these two methods, no profiles consistent with the characteristics of diethylene glycol were detected.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Granul Instan Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L) Sebagai Antidiabetes

2025-03-02T08:46:32+08:00

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. DM can be classified into several types, namely, type 1 DM, type 2 DM, existing type DM. Type 2 DM is one of the most common types, which is more than 90-95%. The purpose of this study was to formulate instant granules of Telang Flower extract (Clitoria ternatea L) and determine antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activity. This research is a laboratory experiment involving instant granule formulations that are tested for physical characteristics, then tested for antioxidant activity using DPPH and Pretest-Postest Control Group Design antidiabetic activity test on White Rats. The results of observations of instant granule characteristics testing which include organoleptical tests, flow speed, angle of repose, moisture content, dissolving time and pH meet the granule requirements. the results of the antioxidant activity test IC50 value F1 155.39, F2 115.73, F4 143.93 and F5 148.25 where the four formulas show moderate antioxidant characteristics, while the IC50 nlai F5 262.86 is included in the weak antioxidant category. The measurement of blood glucose levels before alloxan induction (pree) and after alloxan induction (mid) increased where in FI 9. 63>267.33 mg/dL, F2 105.66>248.00, mg/dL F3 99.00>217.66 mg/dL F4 99.00>263.33 mg/dL and F5 104.00>247.33 mg/dL, while in healthy control (without treatment) no increase occurred 97.66 mg/dL, while the decrease in glucose levels after alloxan induction (mid) and after being given instant granule preparations (post) on the 11th day decreased where for F1 267.33 <132.67 mg/dL, F2 248.00 <147.00, mg/dL F3 217.66 <119.33 mg/dL F4 263.33 <132.67 mg/dL and F5 247.33 <114.00 mg/dL. So it can be concluded that the instant granule preparation formulation of Telang Flower extract (Clitoria ternatea L) with a dose of 450 mg/KgBB with a concentration of PVP 3.5% as a binder meets the requirements of instant granule characteristics, also has moderate antioxidant activity and has the lowest blood glucose lowering effect compared to other formulas.

Isolasi, Identifikasi, Dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Fungi Endofit Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) Terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis Dan Propionibacterium acnes

2024-07-08T09:21:47+08:00

Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) is widely known as a traditional medicine with various properties, including as an antibacterial. This study aims to isolate endophytic fungi from Pegagan leaves that have the potential to produce antibacterial secondary metabolites against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Isolation was carried out by leaf sterilization and inoculation on SDA media, followed by fermentation and extraction using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity tests were carried out using the agar diffusion method. Five isolates were obtained: PTH (Cylindrocladium), HJ (Aspergillus flavus), CRM (Aspergillus terreus), ABAB (Colletotrichum sp.), and CKT (Aspergillus niger). All isolates were bactericidal against S. epidermidis. Three isolates (HJ, CRM, and CKT) were bactericidal against P. acnes, while PTH and ABAB isolates were bacteriostatic.

Tanaman Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) dikenal luas sebagai obat tradisional dengan berbagai khasiat, termasuk sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi fungi endofit dari daun Pegagan yang berpotensi menghasilkan metabolit sekunder antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes. Isolasi dilakukan melalui sterilisasi daun dan inokulasi pada media SDA, dilanjutkan fermentasi dan ekstraksi menggunakan etil asetat. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar. Diperoleh lima isolat: PTH (Cylindrocladium), HJ (Aspergillus flavus), CRM (Aspergillus terreus), ABAB (Colletotrichum sp.), dan CKT (Aspergillus niger). Seluruh isolat bersifat bakteriosida terhadap S. epidermidis. Tiga isolat (HJ, CRM, dan CKT) bersifat bakteriosida terhadap P. acnes, sedangkan isolat PTH dan ABAB bersifat bakteriostatik.

The Lc-Ms Analysis Of Secondary Metabolite Compounds Of Cempedak Leaves Extract (Artocarpus Integer)

2025-03-25T07:17:51+08:00

Cempedak (Artocarpus integer) leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds including flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, terpenoids, and tannins that act as natural antioxidants for anti-aging. The purpose of this study is to determine the metabolite compounds in ethanol extract of cempedak leaves analyzed using the LC-MS method. The results of analysis using the LC-MS method on cempedak leaf extract were 103 compounds consisting of flavonoids 92.44543%, phenols 3,66556%, saponins 1.50683%, alkaloids 1.22696%, terpenoids 0.98201%, tannins 0.41495% and steroids 0.22850%. The results on the chromatogram of the liquid chromatogram at the highest peak with the identified compound composition of 1.88812% called serotonin D belongs to the flavonoid group having a molecular weight (m/z) of 676,2308 with the chemical formula C40H36O10. These results show that cempedak leaves using the LC-MS method contain flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and steroids.