Evaluasi In Silico Interaksi Senyawa Bioaktif Daun Serai Cymbopogon citratus Terhadap Protein Sortase A Streptococcus mutans Sebagai Target Potensial Pencegahan Karies Gigi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32382/mf.v22i1.2076Kata Kunci:
Cymbopogon citratus, Sortase A, Streptococcus mutans, molecular docking, karies gigiAbstrak
In Silico Evaluation of the Interaction of Bioactive Compounds from Serai Leaves Cymbopogon citratus with Sortase A Protein of Streptococcus mutans as a Potential Target for Dental Caries Prevention
Dental caries remains a major oral health problem with high prevalence and is primarily caused by the activity of Streptococcus mutans. One of the key virulence factors of this bacterium is the Sortase A protein, which plays an essential role in bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bioactive compounds from Cymbopogon citratus as inhibitors of Sortase A from Streptococcus mutans using an in silico approach. The research method involved preparation of the Sortase A protein structure (PDB ID: 4TQX) and bioactive compounds of C. citratus, followed by molecular docking analysis using AutoDock Vina integrated with UCSF Chimera. Ligand–protein interaction analysis was performed to determine binding affinity and identify key amino acid residues involved, and the results were compared with a standard ligand (Chalcone). In addition, ADMET prediction was conducted to evaluate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profiles of the major compounds. The molecular docking results showed that luteolin and rutin exhibited strong binding affinities toward Sortase A, with binding energy values of -7.3 kcal/mol, comparable to the standard ligand (-7.2 kcal/mol). Luteolin demonstrated a similar interaction pattern with the standard ligand through the key residue Phe237, while rutin formed multiple hydrogen bonds around the active site. ADMET prediction indicated that luteolin possessed better oral absorption and a more favorable safety profile than rutin. In conclusion, luteolin is the most promising bioactive compound from Cymbopogon citratus for dental caries prevention through inhibition of Sortase A of Streptococcus mutans
Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang masih memiliki prevalensi tinggi dan terutama disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Salah satu faktor virulensi utama bakteri ini adalah protein Sortase A yang berperan dalam adhesi dan pembentukan biofilm pada permukaan gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi senyawa bioaktif dari Cymbopogon citratus sebagai inhibitor protein Sortase A Streptococcus mutans menggunakan pendekatan in silico. Metode penelitian meliputi preparasi struktur protein Sortase A (PDB ID: 4TQX) dan senyawa bioaktif C. citratus, dilanjutkan dengan molecular docking menggunakan AutoDock Vina melalui UCSF Chimera. Analisis interaksi ligan–protein dilakukan untuk menentukan afinitas ikatan dan residu asam amino kunci, serta dibandingkan dengan Chalcone (standar ligan) . Selain itu, prediksi ADMET digunakan untuk mengevaluasi profil absorpsi, distribusi, metabolisme, ekskresi, dan toksisitas senyawa utama. Hasil molecular docking menunjukkan bahwa luteolin dan rutin memiliki afinitas ikatan yang kuat terhadap Sortase A dengan nilai energi ikatan masing-masing sebesar -7,3 kcal/mol, sebanding dengan ligan standar sebesar -7,2 kcal/mol. Luteolin menunjukkan kesamaan interaksi residu PHE237 dengan ligan standar, sedangkan rutin membentuk beberapa ikatan hidrogen di sekitar sisi aktif protein. Prediksi ADMET menunjukkan bahwa luteolin memiliki absorpsi oral yang lebih baik dan profil keamanan yang lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan rutin. Kesimpulannya, luteolin merupakan kandidat paling potensial dari Cymbopogon citratus untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen pencegahan karies gigi melalui penghambatan protein Sortase A Streptococcus mutans.
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