Analisis Hubungan Kualitas Hidup Dan Biaya Medis Langsung Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik : Studi Observasional Di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan

Abstrak

Analysis of the Association Between Quality of Life and Direct Medical Costs in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Observational Study in a Teaching Hospital

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic condition that significantly affects patients’ quality of life and imposes a substantial burden on healthcare costs. This study aimed to analyze the quality of life and direct medical costs among hospitalized CKD patients and to explore the association between these variables. This was a prospective observational study with a descriptive-analytic approach conducted at Universitas Hasanuddin Hospital from May to July 2025. Quality of life data were collected using the Indonesian versions of the EQ-5D-5L instrument and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), while direct medical cost data were obtained from the hospital billing system. A total of 26 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and Spearman correlation tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that the mean EQ-5D-5L index was 0.435 ± 0.43 and the mean EQ-VAS score was 63.5 ± 16.9. Significant differences in quality of life were observed based on age (p = 0.032), sex (p = 0.041), and comorbidities (p = 0.018). The mean direct medical cost was IDR 61,013,182 per patient per hospitalization episode, with the largest components attributed to medication and laboratory examination costs. A significant negative correlation was found between quality of life and direct medical costs (r = −0.412; p = 0.036). In conclusion, the quality of life among hospitalized CKD patients tends to be low and is significantly associated with increased direct medical costs.

Penyakit ginjal kronik (chronic kidney disease/CKD) merupakan penyakit kronis yang berdampak signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup pasien dan beban biaya pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas hidup dan biaya medis langsung pasien rawat inap CKD serta mengeksplorasi hubungan antara keduanya. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional prospektif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitik yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Universitas Hasanuddin pada periode Mei–Juli 2025. Data kualitas hidup diperoleh menggunakan instrumen EQ-5D-5L versi Bahasa Indonesia dan EQ-VAS, sedangkan data biaya medis langsung diperoleh dari sistem billing rumah sakit. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 26 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, dan korelasi spearman dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata indeks EQ-5D-5L sebesar 0,435±0,43 dan skor EQ-VAS sebesar 63,5±16,9. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan kualitas hidup berdasarkan usia (p=0,032), jenis kelamin (p=0,041), dan komorbiditas (p=0,018). Rerata biaya medis langsung sebesar Rp. 61.013.182 per pasien per episode rawat inap, dengan komponen terbesar berasal dari biaya obat dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara kualitas hidup dan biaya medis langsung (r=-0,412; p=0,036). Disimpulkan bahwa kualitas hidup pasien CKD rawat inap cenderung rendah dan berhubungan dengan peningkatan biaya medis langsung.