Optimasi Konsentrasi Minyak Atsiri Biji Pala (Myristica fragrans) Dan Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) Sebagai Sediaan Repellent Patch Dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design

Abstrak

Optimization of Essential Oil from Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L) as A Repellent Patch Preparation Using the Simplex Lattice Design Method

Mosquitoes can transmit various diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, and filariasis. DEET (N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide) is commonly used as a repellent but has the potential to cause irritation. Essential oils from various plants have high effectiveness as mosquito repellents, such as nutmeg essential oil (Myristica fragrans) with 100% effectiveness and citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) with 92% effectiveness. These two essential oils can be formulated in the form of a repellent patch, a practical adhesive preparation that releases the active ingredient slowly. Formula optimization was carried out using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method to obtain the best combination. This study aims to determine the repellency concentration of the repellent patch preparation and to determine the optimum concentration of the two essential oils using the SLD method. The research design used an experimental method where the samples were formulated using the SLD method with essential oil concentrations ranging from 0-20%, evaluations to assess characteristics including organoleptic tests, pH, effectiveness, weight uniformity, patch thickness, folding resistance, humidity, irritation tests, and hedonic tests, then the responses were re-entered into the SLD and then the optimum value was sought based on the desirability value obtained. The results of the characteristic test meet the requirements where the data obtained are that the organoleptic test has a yellowish white color, with the aroma of essential oils and a smooth texture, pH 5.7-6.86, weight uniformity of 0.342-0.459 g, thickness 0.6-1.00 mm, folding resistance >200, humidity 5.88-8.33%, irritation (-), the most preferred hedonic formulas 1 and 3 and the repellency test ranges from 3.5 to 4 hours, based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the repellent time obtained is 4 hours and the optimum concentration in formula 1 (0:20%) with a desirability value obtained of 0.872.results of the characteristic test meet the requirements where the data obtained are that the organoleptic test has a yellowish white color, with the aroma of essential oils and a smooth texture, pH 5.7-6.86, weight uniformity of 0.342-0.459 g, thickness 0.6-1.00 mm, folding resistance >200, humidity 5.88-8.33%, irritation (-), the most preferred hedonic formulas 1 and 3 and the repellency test ranges from 3.5 to 4 hours, based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the repellent time obtained is 4 hours and the optimum concentration in formula 1 (0:20%) with a desirability value obtained of 0.872.

Nyamuk dapat menularkan berbagai penyakit seperti DBD, malaria, dan filariasis. DEET (N,N-Dietil-Meta-Toluamida) umum digunakan sebagai repellent, namun berpotensi menyebabkan iritasi. Minyak atsiri pada berbagai tanaman memiliki efektivitas yang tinggi sebagai penangkal nyamuk seperti minyak atsiri pala (Myristica fragrans) efektivitasnya sebesar 100% dan sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) efektivitasnya 92% . Kedua minyak atsiri ini dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk repellent patch, sediaan tempel praktis yang melepaskan bahan aktif perlahan. Optimasi formula dilakukan dengan metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) untuk memperoleh kombinasi terbaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan ntuk mengetahui konsentrasi repalensi dari sediaan repellent patch dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimum dari kedua minyak atsiri dengan metode SLD. Desain penelitian menggunakan eksperimental dimana sampel diformulasi menggunakan metode SLD dengan konsentrasi minyak atsiri berkisar 0-20%, evaluasi untuk menilai karakteristik yang meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, efektivitas, keseragaman bobot, ketebalan patch, ketahanan lipat, kelembaban, uji iritasi, serta uji hedonik kemudian responnya kembali dimasukkan kedalam SLD lalu dicari nilai optimum berdasarkan nilai desirability yang diperoleh. Hasil pengujian karakteristik memenuhi syarat di mana diperoleh data yaitu pada uji organoleptik memilikii warna putih kekuningan, dengan aroma minyak atsiri dan tektur halus, pH 5,7-6,86, keseragaman bobot 0,342-0,459 g, ketebalan 0,6-1,00 mm, ketahanan lipat >200, kelembaban 5,88-8,33 %, iritasi (-), hedonik yang paling disuka formula 1 dan 3 serta uji repansinya berkisar 3,5 hingga 4 jam, berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan waktu repelansi yang diperoleh yaitu 4 jam dan konsentrasi optimum pada formula 1 (0:20%) dengan nilai desirability yang diperoleh sebesar 0,872.